Chapter 11: HR and BP

Question 1

premature beat

Answer 1

extrasystole

Question 2

What causes a heart murmur?

Answer 2

faulty valve (and other conditions)

Question 3

regularly variation that occurs in HR

Answer 3

sinus arrhythmia

Question 4

when a beat comes before the expected beat

Answer 4

extrasystole (premature beat)

Question 5

“lubb” corresponds to _____

Answer 5

closing of AV valves

Question 6

“dupp” corresponds

Answer 6

closure of the semilunar valves

Question 7

Wave of increased pressure that begins with ventricular contraction in the heart and travels along the arteries

Answer 7

pulse

Question 8

Detect at wrist, neck; normally equivalent
to heart rate, but can be hard to detect if heartbeat is
weak or obstructed

Answer 8

Pulse rate

Question 9

True or false: Pulse rate tends to be lower in women than in men.

Answer 9

False; tends to be lower in men.

Question 10

What is BP due to?

Answer 10

The force exerted against the walls of the vessels

Question 11

What is cardiac output a function of?

Answer 11

HR x stroke volume

Question 12

What determines BP?

Answer 12

cardiac output and vessel resistance

Question 13

Which type of BP tells you the rate of blood flow into the capillaries.

Answer 13

Diastole

Question 14

What does diastolic BP tell you?

Answer 14

Reflects measure of peripheral resistance by

small arterioles and rate of blood flow into capillaries

Question 15

What does systolic BP tel you?

Answer 15

Reflects force of ventricular contraction and arterial resistance

Question 16

What is the average newborn BP?

Answer 16

90/55 mm Hg

Question 17

Normal BP for an older adult.

Answer 17

150/90

Question 18

Range for pre-hypertension

Answer 18

120-130/80-89 (either)

Question 19

Range for stage 1 hypertension

Answer 19

140-159/90-99 (either)

Question 20

Range for stage 2 hypertension

Answer 20

> 160/>100 (either)

Question 21

Range for low BP

Answer 21

<90/<60 (either)

Question 22

Why do women’s BP reading increase in mid-50s?

Answer 22

Menopause

Question 23

True or false: BP is higher in the venae cavae than in the venules.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Why does BP decline sharply in arterioles?

Answer 24

Arterioles regulate the pressure of blood entering the delicate capillaries.

Question 25

Which vessels regulate BP of blood going into the capillaries?

Answer 25

Arterioles

Question 26

Why are leg muscles important for getting blood back to the heart?

Answer 26

Because venous BP is very, very low (almost 0).

Question 27

What determines cardiac output?

Answer 27

HR x stroke volume

Question 28

What determines peripheral resistance?

Answer 28

1) Blood vessel diameter 2) Vessel elasticity 3) Blood viscosity 4) Total blood volume

Question 29

Ultrasound to monitor blood flow through heart

Answer 29

echocardiogram

Question 30

Measures electrical activity of heart

Answer 30

EKG

Question 31

What test would you use to watch blood flow move through different parts of the heart?

Answer 31

Echocardiogram

Question 32

What percentage of people have high BP but don't know it?

Answer 32

1 in 4

Question 33

True or false: BP tends to be higher in infants than in adults.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

How does the body try to control blood pressure?

Answer 34

1) Heart reduces cardiac output. 2) Blood vessels dilate. 3) Kidneys excrete excess fluid in urine.

Question 35

What percentage of people do not know they have hypertension?

Answer 35

30%

Question 36

What types of pain relievers can raise BP?

Answer 36

NSAIDS

Question 37

What is the problem with high blood pressure?

Answer 37

It causes overwork of the heart, leading to heart attack, stroke, heart failure, kidney problems, or eye problems.

Question 38

What do the kidneys release into circulation when BP is too low?

Answer 38

Renin (this leads to angiotension II conversion in the lung by ACE)