Study Guide: Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

To stop bleeding by activating the coagulation system

A

hemostasis

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2
Q

When do you need hemostasis?

A

To stop bleeding within a few minutes by forming a clot at the injury site.

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3
Q

What are the 5 important factors involved in hemostasis?

A

1) Small blood vessel integrity
2) Enough platelets
3) Normal amounts of coagulation factors
4) Normal amounts of coagulation inhibitors.
5) Sufficient calcium

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4
Q

Which phase I coagulation factor is linked to hemophilia A?

A

factor VIII

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5
Q

Which phase 1 coagulation factor is linked to hemophilia B?

A

factor IX

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6
Q

Which phase I coagulation factor is linked with the Leiden mutation?

A

factor V

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7
Q

What are antithrombin and protein C?

A

Coagulation inhibitors

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8
Q

Which coagulation inhibitor inhibits thrombin?

A

Antithrombin

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9
Q

Which coagulation inhibitor inhibits factor V (Leiden) and VIII (hemophilia)?

A

protein C

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10
Q

What is another name for fibrinolysin?

A

plasmin

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11
Q

What plasminogen activator functions as the central coordinator of both coagulation and fibrinolysin processes?

A

Thrombin

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12
Q

Which plasminogen activators can be used clinically to in heart attack patients to dissolve a clot?

A

tPA and streptokinase

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13
Q

Why would it be preferable, if possible, to give a patient anticoagulants than plasminogen activators?

A

PAs could cause serious bleeding (e.g., stroke)

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14
Q

What is the difference between plasminogen activators and anticoagulants?

A

PAs dissolve fibrin clots; anticoagulants prevent further clotting and let the body’s own fibrinolysin dissolve the clot.

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15
Q

When would you give a plasminogen activator to a patient?

A

In an emergency if a clot needs to be dissolved immediately.

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16
Q

Which phase 1 pathway is most important in initiating clotting?

A

Extrinsic pathway

17
Q

Enzyme needed to produce thrombin in phase II of the coagulation process.

A

thromboplastin

18
Q

What does prothrombinase (activated thromboplastin) do?

A

Converts prothrombin to thrombin

19
Q

What is used to convert fibrinogen to fibrin?

A

thrombin

20
Q

What is the most common clotting disorder?

A

Thrombocytopenia

21
Q

Too few platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

22
Q

What is the most common bleeding disorder?

A

von Willebrand’s Disease

23
Q

What causes vWD?

A

vWF deficiency

24
Q

True or false: Phase I coagulation disorders are all hereditary.

A

True

25
Q

Classic anticoagulant that acts rapidly/immediately to bind and enhance antithrombin III
(a natural coagulation inhibitor) activity thereby inhibiting thrombin activity, its production, and the coagulation cascade

A

Heparin

26
Q

Classic anticoagulant that provides longer term (than heparin) inhibition of all the vitamin K dependent cofactors.

A

Coumadin (Warfarin)

27
Q

Two examples of newer medications that directly inhibit thrombin activity.

A

1) Pradaxa

2) Argatroban

28
Q

Two examples of newer anticoagulant medications that inhibit prothrombinase (and therefore thrombin production)

A

1) Xarelto

2) Eliquis

29
Q

What causes unwanted release of thromboplastic substances into the circulation to (over)stimulate coagulation, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

A

1) Shock
2) Widespread infections
3) Tissue necrosis

30
Q

What condition is characterized by major hemorrhaging caused by thromboplastic substances being disseminated into the circulation, causing the body to quickly use up its coagulation factors and a surge in clot lysis?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

31
Q

What happens in patients in with thromboplastic materials are slowly released, providing enough time for them to be replaced? What types of patients does this occur in?

A

Net overall clotting throughout the body; advanced cancer