Chapter 11 Neurons Flashcards
Reached when enough sodium from EPSP (excitatory post synapse potential) havre reached the axon hillock (reaching -55mV threshold) causing depolarization)
Action Potential
These channels are constantly open; they allow electrolytes to diffuse in and out.
leak channels
When -55mV is reached, an action potential will be generated 100% of the time.
All or none law
Short-lived electrical impulses traveling across the soma’s surface coming from another neuron’s synaptic knobs in order to reach the axon hillock.
Graded potential
Allows a higher amount of sodium to move into the neuron, causing a slightly positive potential.
EPSP (excitatory post-synaptic potential)
Electrolyte migration in and out of the neuronal cell in order to achieve a concentration gradient
Chemical gradient
Multiple synapsis generating postsynaptic potentials
Spatial summation
Movement of a neuronal action potential on an axon without myelin.
Continuous propagation
Neuronal inner membrane is lined by negative charges while the outer aspect is lined by positive charges.
Electrical gradient
These are either sodium-potassium or calcium, both require energy to achieve chemical homeostasis.
Active pumps
These channels open when exposed to an electrical charge
Voltage gated channels.
Movement of a neuronal action potential through a myelinated axon.
Saltatory propagation
Will generate a slightly negative environment inside the neuron by allowing potassium out or chloride in.
IPSP (inactive post-synaptic potential)
A single synapsis generating multiple post-synaptic potentials
Temporal summation
return to resting membrane potential through the exiting of potassium ions.
Repolarization
Soma’s cytoplasm
Perrikaryon
Neurons that bring information to the CNS from the periphery
Sensory or afférent neurons
The most outer dense irregular connective tissue sheath surrounding the nerve
Epineurium
Located at the end of the telodendria (little toes)
Synaptic knobs
Neuralgias that produce sheaths of myelin that wrap around PNS axons.
Schwann cells
the most abundant of the CNS neuralgias. They have an important role building the brain-blood barrier.
Astrocytes
Neurons that have one long process perpendicular manner to the soma, typically a sensory neuron.
Unipolar neurons
Fascicles within the nerve is surrounded by this connective tissue sheath
Perineurium
Contains the nucleus, neurofilaments, neurotubules, nissl bodies, and axon hillock
Soma or body
