Chapter 11 - Photosynthesis

Question 1

What is an organic compound

Answer 1

A compound that contains carbon

Question 2

Give an example of an organic compound

Answer 2

CO2

Question 3

What is an inorganic compound

Answer 3

A compound that does not contain carbon

Question 4

What is an example of an inorganic compound

Answer 4

Phosphate

Question 5

What are redox reactions

Answer 5

Reduction and oxidation reactions

Question 6

What is the saying for redox reactions

Answer 6

OIL RIG

Question 7

What does OIL RIG stand for

Answer 7

Oxidation
Is 
Loss
Reduction
Is 
Gain

Question 8

What does the loss/gain bit mean in OIL RIG

Answer 8

Loss or gain of electrons or hydrogen when the reaction takes place
The opposite will happen to oxygen

Question 9

What are co-enzymes

Answer 9

Non-protein molecules that help enzymes work by transferring other molecules around

Question 10

Examples of co-enzymes

Answer 10

NAD
NADP
FAD

Question 11

What are the coenzymes when they have been reduced

Answer 11

NADH
NADPH
FADH

Question 12

What is phosphorylation

Answer 12

The process of adding a phosphate

Question 13

What is an example of phosphorylation

Answer 13

ADP+Pi=ATP

Question 14

What is photophosphorylation

Answer 14

Using light energy to add a phosphate

Question 15

What is photolysis

Answer 15

Using light energy to split a molecule

‘Lysis’ means split

Question 16

What is an example of photolysis

Answer 16

Water+light=2H + 2e + 0.5O2

Question 17

What is meant by the electron transport chain

Answer 17

The movement of electrons flowing through proteins (electron carriers) in a membrane

Question 18

What is a proton

Answer 18

A hydrogen ion (H+)

Question 19

What’s meant by the metabolic pathway

Answer 19

A series of small reactions controlled by enzymes

Question 20

What is an example of a metabolic pathway

Answer 20

Photosynthesis

Question 21

What is meant by hydrolysis

Answer 21

Using water to split a molecule

Question 22

What is meant by decarboxylation

Answer 22

Removal of CO2 from a molecule

Question 23

What is meant by dehydrogenation

Answer 23

Removal of hydrogen from a molecule

Question 24

Write out the balanced equation for photosynthesis

Answer 24

6CO2 + 6H2O =(using light energy)= C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 25

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 25

Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

Question 26

What is the light dependent reaction (LDR) also known as

Answer 26

Photophosphorylation

Question 27

What is the LDR

Answer 27

The process of using light energy to make ATP and reduced NADP (NADPH)

Question 28

What does the LDR take place

Answer 28

On the membrane of the thylakoid

Question 29

What does the LDR take place in the membrane of the thylakoid

Answer 29

There is a large surface area

Question 30

What other molecule is used in the LDR

Answer 30

Water

Question 31

What is the light independent reaction (LIR) also known as

Answer 31

Calvin cycle

Question 32

What does the light independent reaction do

Answer 32

Uses products of LDR (ATP and NADPH) to make useful organic compounds

Question 33

Where does the Calvin cycle take place

Answer 33

The stroma

Question 34

What is a chloroplast

Answer 34

Organelle that absorbs light energy which is used for photosynthesis to make useful organic compounds

Question 35

What are characteristics of the thylakoid and what does it contain

Answer 35

High surface area so increases rate of photosynthesis | Contains photosynthetic pigments- chlorophyll a, b and carotene (site of LDR)

Question 36

What microorganelles are in the chloroplast

Answer 36

``` Thylakoid Grana Lamellae Chloroplast DNA Starch grain Stroma ```

Question 37

What is a grana

Answer 37

A stack of thylakoids

Question 38

What do the lamellae do

Answer 38

Join up grana

Question 39

What is the stroma and what does it do

Answer 39

Similar to cytoplasm | Site of LIR

Question 40

What is special about starch grain

Answer 40

It is stored as starch and is Insoluble so therefore does not affect water potential

Question 42

Which photosystem comes first in LDR

Answer 42

PSII then PSI

Question 43

What is photoionisation

Answer 43

Process of using light energy to make an ion

Question 44

Recall the whole process of LDR

Answer 44

In folder

Question 45

What are the 3 limiting factors of photosynthesis

Answer 45

- Light intensity - CO2 concentration - Temperature

Question 46

How does light intensity impact photosynthesis

Answer 46

The higher the light intensity, the more energy there is for the LDR, so the faster the rate of photosynthesis

Question 47

How does the wavelength of light impact photosynthesis

Answer 47

- Plants will absorb red and blue and reflect green lights, different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light causing a difference in colour

Question 48

How is light intensity used for agriculture

Answer 48

Overnight lighting or greenhouses which allow light in allow plants to absorb more light

Question 49

Draw a graph showing light intensity as the limiting factor

Answer 49

Paper

Question 50

When is CO2 most likely to be the limiting factor

Answer 50

During the day

Question 51

What is the percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere

Answer 51

0.04%

Question 52

What is the optimum CO2 percentage for photosynthesis

Answer 52

0.4%

Question 53

How is CO2 used in agriculture

Answer 53

Burn fossil fuels in greenhouses to increase concentration

Question 54

How does temperature impact photosynthesis (2 ways)

Answer 54

- Photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes, as temp increases so does the rate of photosynthesis until the optimum, after the optimum the rate will decrease - High temperature can cause stomata to close, therefore a fall in CO2 so Calvin cycle can’t occur and rate of photosynthesis will fall

Question 55

How is temperature used in agriculture

Answer 55

- Greenhouse traps warm air | - Heating and cooking systems to maintain optimum temp