Chapter 11 quiz

Question 1

What happens in the G1 phase?

Answer 1

Preps for cell division. Increases in size, synthesizes duplicate organelles and organic molecules that are needed later on

Question 2

What happens in the S phase?

Answer 2

Synthesizes a complete copy of DNA after chromosomes are duplicated

Question 3

What happens in the G2?

Answer 3

Cell gets larger again. Synthesizes the organelles and proteins, and reorganizes genetic material for mitosis

Question 4

What happens in the M phase?

Answer 4

Divides the cell into 2 daughter cells

Question 5

What are multipotent cells?

Answer 5

Cells in adults that can replace the cells in tissues they are found in

Question 6

What is apoptosis?

Answer 6

Programmed cell death

Question 7

What is a tumor that is non cancerous?

Answer 7

A benign tumor

Question 8

What is the first phase of mitosis and what happens?

Answer 8

Prophase: Genetic material condenses and chromosomes become visible. Spindle starts to form

Question 9

What is the second phase of mitosis and what happens?

Answer 9

Metaphase: Duplicated chromosomes line up in the center of the cell, spindle fibers connect the centromeres to the poles of the spindle so the cell can separate the sister chromatids

Question 10

What is the third phase of mitosis and what happens?

Answer 10

Anaphase- Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. Chromosomes are completely separated into 2 groups

Question 11

What is the fourth phase of mitosis and what happens?

Answer 11

Telophase: Chromosomes start to spread out and tangle back into chromatin. Nuclear membrane forms around each cluster and nucleolus slowly becomes visible in each daughter nucleus

Question 12

Advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 12

Genetic diversity

Question 13

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 13

A much longer process and organism must find another parent

Question 14

Advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 14

Very fast process, only one parent needed, produces a lot more offspring

Question 15

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 15

Offspring are genetically identical to parent (no genetic diversity)

Question 16

What are the characteristics of a cancer cell?

Answer 16

Cancer cells can form tumors that metasize, unspecialized, and have defective genes

Question 17

What structure is found in prokaryotic but not eukaryotic cells?

Answer 17

One circular DNA chromosome in the cytoplasm (prokaryotic chromosome)

Question 18

Why do cells divide?

Answer 18

Replace damaged cells, produce more cells while organism is growing, make sure a cell doesn’t get too big

Question 19

What happens if cells get too large?

Answer 19

-It would become harder to move materials in and out of the cells, which would cause blockage of materials
-DNA wouldn’t be able to keep up so it makes a copy and divides

Question 20

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 20

46

Question 21

DNA tightly bound to proteins

Answer 21

histones

Question 22

What is chromatin?

Answer 22

The complex of dna and protein

Question 23

What is binary fission?

Answer 23

Form of asexual reproduction, used by prokaryotes, 2 DNA molecules attach to different regions of cell and cell pinches inward to divide

Question 24

What stages make up interphase?

Answer 24

G1, S, G2

Question 25

What is cytokenisis?

Answer 25

Completes cell division process. Cell membrane drawn inward until cytoplasm is pinch into 2 equal parts

Question 26

When do most cells stop dividing?

Answer 26

When they touch each other

Question 27

What do internal regulatory proteins do?

Answer 27

Respond to events inside cell. Act as checkpoints that allow the cell cycle to proceed once certain events have taken place

Question 28

What are growth factors?

Answer 28

Stimulate the growth and division of cells. Very important during embryonic development + wound healing

Question 29

What is the embryo stage?

Answer 29

what animals and plants pass through as an adult organism is produced. Cells become more and more different from each other and specialized for particular functions

Question 30

What is differentiation?

Answer 30

the process of cells becoming many different types of cells

Question 31

Totipotent

Answer 31

zygote is able to do everything, to develope into any type of cell

Question 32

What does a embryo turn into after 4 days

Answer 32

A blastocyst: a hollow ball of cells with cluster of cells inside known as inner cell mass

Question 33

Pluripotent cells

Answer 33

inner cells that can develop into any boy cell type