Chapter 17 quiz Flashcards
(18 cards)
How did Darwin develop a theory of biological evolution that offered an explanation for the unity and diversity of life?
Proposing how modern organisms evolved through descent from a common ancestor
What did Darwin confirm
That the living world is constantly changing
What are the three patterns of diversity
1- species vary globally
2- species vary locally
3- species vary over time
What did Darwin notice about the tortoises, mocking birds, and finches when he arrived to the Galapagos islands
they all looked different depending on which island they came from
What else did Darwin collect as he travled
fossils
what did Darwin notice about the fossil record
There were many extinct animals that were similar, yet different from living species
Who were the geologists that proposed a new hypothesis about how old the earth is
James Hutton and Charles Lyell
What was the 2 geologist propose about the earth
They proposed that is is extremely old and that the processes that changed the Earth in the past are the same that changed it today
What did Hutton propose
that forces in the earth could stretch rocks and push them up and down
What idea did Lyell develop
uniformitarianism
What is uniformitarianism
The idea that the processes of today’s earth act the same way as they did at the beginning of the earth
Experiencing volcanoes and earthquakes made Darwin began to think about what…
If the earth changes over time, does life change too?
What did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck propose
That individual organisms could change during their lifetimes by selectively using/ not using certain parts of their body, and that they could pass these traits on to their offspring to enable species over time
When did Lamarck publish his ideas
1809, the same year Darwin was born
What is an example of acquired characteristics
Birds with longer legs got them from being in deeper water
What is it called when an organism passes acquired characteristics onto its offspring
inheritance of acquired traits
Who was Thomas Matthus
an economist that in 1798 reasoned that if the human population grew too much, there wouldn’t be enough resources for everyone
