Chapter 11 Review Part 1 Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord Completely surrounded by bone Integrative and control center of nervous system

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Peripheral Nervous System

All nervous structures outside the CNS Nerves,ganglia

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Ganglia

Groups of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

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Number of cranial nerves

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Pairs of spinal nerves

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Number of cervical (neck) nerves

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Number of thoracic (neck) nerves

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Number of lumbar (lower back) nerves

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Number of sacral (above the tailbone) nerves

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Number of coccygeal (tailbone)

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Astrocytes

Abundant star shaped cells Brace neurons Form barrier between blood capillaries and neuron Control the chemical environment of the brain NEUROGLIA

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Microglia

Spiderlike phagocytes Dispose of debris NEUROGLIA

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Ependymal

Line cavities of the Brain and spinal cord Chili’s assist with circulation of cerebrospinal fluid NEUROGLIA

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Oligodendrocytes

Wrap around nerve fibers in the central nervous system Produce myelin sheaths NEIROGLIA

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Schwann Cells

Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system NEUROGLIA

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nuclei

Cluster of neurons in CNS

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Center

Nuclei w same function

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Ganglia

Clusters in the PNS

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Tract

Bundle of axons in the CNS

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Dendrites

Take impulses towards cell body

Branch Reception portion of neuron

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Axon (nerve fiber)

CONDUCTS Impulses away from cell body

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Cone shaped area axons arise from

Axon hillock

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Branch of an Axon is a

Collaterals

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Another name for axon terminals

Synaptic knobs

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Myelinated Neurons

Appears white In CNS, is produced by Oligoderdocytes In PNS, Schwann Cells

Bipolar neuron

2 processes, rare, sensory

Unipolar

1 process, kinda, sensory

Multipolar

Many, most common, sensory/motor

Motor

EFFERENT TRANSMIT AWAY FROM CNS

SENSORY

AFFERENT TRANSMIT TO CNS

INTERNUNCIAL

ASSOCIATION TRANSMIT From 1 neuron to another ONLY IN CNS

Nerve

The process of many neurons held together by connective tissue sheaths

Neuralgia

Support insulate protect neurons 5 types

Plate

Epineurium Membrane around outside of the whole nerve

Cookie itself

Fasciculus Bundles of axons

The cookie is made of

Perineurim bundles groups of axons together

Rim of the chocolate chips

Endoneurium membrane around each axon

Inside the chocolate chip

Axon

Motor Neuron Ending

Form a neuromuscular junction with the skeletal muscle they supply Myelin sheath does not extend to axon terminals so bare axon come very close to muscle cell membrane

Sensory Neuron Ending

Ends of sensory neurons are dendrites cutaneous senses- touch heat, pain, cold, pressure

free neuron ending

Least modified receptor Pain receptor as well as heat cold and touch

Encapsulated Neuron Endings

Are surrounded by connective tissue capsules

Meissners Corpuscles

Light touch

Pacinian

Heavy prsssure

End bulbs of Krause

Cold

Ruffini’s corpuscles

Heat

Muscle spindles, neuroten dinous, organs

Work together to resist too much stretching of skeletal muscles, maintain tone

What embryonic tissue does the NS come from

Ectoderm

label the neuron

Bipolar Unipolar Multipolar

DIAGRAM OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

study this myelinated photo bby

Receptor

structure activiated by change in an internal or external environment

exteroceptors

respond to stimulus from outside body

introceptors

respond to changes internally

Proprioceptor

provides information about the body part's necessity by observing them knowing where your foot is without looking at it

Mechanoreceptors

sensitve to physical deformation such as pressure or touch

Thermoreceptors

temperature

chemoreceptors

stimulated by chemicals

photoreceptors

in eyes only. reacts to light receptors

3 major functions of the nervous system

Sensory Imput motor output Integration

Autonomic Nervous System

Subdivison of the PNS that regulates the activity of the heart and smooth muscle and of the glands; also called the involuntary nervous system

Somatic Nervous System

Subdivison of the PNS that controls voluntary activity such as the activation of skeletal muscles

Axon Terminal

release neurotransmitters

Myelin Sheath

Increase the speed of impulse transmission Patchy disappearance in multiple sclerosis

Cell Body

Location of the nucleus site of biosynthetic activity most are located and protcted within the CNS

Nissle BOdy

Clustered ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum

axon terminal function

Secretory components

Axon Hillock

Trigger Zone

Neurotransmitters

chemicals released by neurons that stimulate other neurons, muscles, or glands

Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in myelin sheath

Synapse

joint or point of close contact between neurons