Hesrt

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the circulatory system

Answer 1

Heart: pumps blood

Blood vessels: transfer blood

Question 2

What is the mediastinum

Answer 2

The place between the lungs where the heart is located

Question 3

What is pericardium?

Answer 3

Double layered membrane around the heart

Question 4

What are the two layers of the pericardium

Answer 4

Visceral- inner

Parietal- outer

Question 5

What is the condition called when you have inflamed pericardium

Answer 5

Pericarditis

Question 6

What is atria? What is ventricles?

Answer 6

Atria: thinner and located towards the superior region of the heart, filling chambers

Ventricles: thicker, make up the bulk of the heart, pumping chambers

Question 7

DRAw the heart picture

Answer 7

I believe in you Kaylee

Question 8

Superior and inferior vena cava

Answer 8

Return venous from body to right atrium

Question 9

Pulmonary trunk

Answer 9

Divides into right and left pulmonary arteries

Carry blood from right ventricle to the lungs

Question 10

Pulmonary veins

Answer 10

Carry blood from lungs to left atrium OXYGEN

Question 11

Aorta

Answer 11

Carries blood from left ventricle to the body

Question 12

Layers of the heart

Answer 12

1. Epicardium: thin, serous membrane that adheres to the outer surface of the heart
2. Myocardium: thickest layer, actual cardiac muscle layer
3. Endocardium: lines inside, made of connective tissue and squamous cells

Question 13

What determines the thickness of myocardium?

Answer 13

Thickness is related to resistance encountered in pumping

VENTRICLES: thickest
LEFT VENTRICLE: thickest

Question 14

AV (atrioventricular) location and function

Answer 14

Flaps of endocardium and ct

FORCED SHUT As pressure in ventricles increases preventing backflow into the atria when ventricles contract

Question 15

Semilunar valves function and location

Answer 15

Prevent blood from returning to ventricles after they have completed their contractions

PULMONary and aortic

Question 16

Where are the tricuspid and bicuspid valve

Answer 16

Right AV- tricuspid valve

Left AV- two flaps, bicuspid valve

Question 17

Right side of heart

Answer 17

Receives blood from vessels of the body

Sends blood to lungs and back to heart

No oxygen

Question 18

Left side

Answer 18

Receive bloods from lungs and pumps it to the body and then heart
No oxygen

Question 19

Circulation path

Answer 19

RA 
TRICUSPID 
RV
PULMONARY SLV
PULMONARY TRUNK
PULMONARY ARTERIES
CAPILLARIES OF LUNGS 
PULMONARY VEINS
LA
BICUSPID VALVES
LV
AORTIC SLV
AORTA
BODY

Question 20

What is the cardiac cycle

Answer 20

The period from the end of one heartbeat to the end of the next

Question 21

What are intercalated discs

Answer 21

Where the cells of cardiac muscle meet

Question 22

To what extent do cardiac muscles contract

Answer 22

They constant automatically as much as they can

Question 23

What is the refractory period for cardiac muscles

Answer 23

When you can’t get a heartbeat the relaxation

Question 24

What does the heart depend on for energy

Answer 24

Oxygen

Question 25

Where is the SA mode located

Answer 25

In the wall of the right atrium near the surface of the SVC

Question 26

What is the fiction of the SA NODE

Answer 26

Cells are specialized to spontaneously contract 70 to 80 each minute PACEMAKer of the HEART

Question 27

Conduction pathway of the heart

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Systole

Answer 28

Contraction of the heart beat

Question 29

Diastole

Answer 29

Relaxation of th heartbeat

Question 30

How long is the cardiac cycle

Answer 30

.8 seconds

Question 31

What is the definition of cardiac output, how is it calculated

Answer 31

The amount of blood pumped by either ventricle in a minute. Heart rate times stroke volume

Question 32

What is cardiac reserve

Answer 32

The difference between normal cardiac output and max cardiac output

Question 33

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

``` SPEED UP NORENPINEPHRINE EPINEPHRINE DECREASE IN BLOOD OXYGEN INCREASE IN CALCIUM GIRLS STRONG EMOTIONS ```

Question 34

Parasympathetic

Answer 34

ACETYLCHOLINE ELEVATED POTASSIUM OR SODIUM DECREAED BODY TEMP Vagus nerves

Question 35

Venous return

Answer 35

The amount of blood flowing back to the heart in a min

Question 36

Frank Starling law of heart

Answer 36

The farther cardiac muscle stretch the more forcefully at will contract

Question 37

Cardiac output

Answer 37

Heart rate times stroke volume

Question 38

Why doesn’t stroke volume decrease when heart rate increases

Answer 38

Blood flows faster

Question 39

How much blood is pumped per min

Answer 39

5.25 Liters per min

Question 40

Pulmonary arteries

Answer 40

No oxygen | Carried blood to the lungs

Question 41

Function of the vagus nerve

Answer 41

Slow heart rate

Question 42

What is stroke volume, what 2 factors affect stoke volume

Answer 42

Amount of blood rejected by ventricle during each systole LENGTH OF DIASTOLE VENOUS RETURN

Question 43

Results from prolonged coronary blockage

Answer 43

Myocardial infraction

Question 44

Abnormal pacemaker

Answer 44

Ectopic focus

Question 45

Allows backflow of blood

Answer 45

Incomplete valve

Question 46

Because of cardiac decompensation, circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs

Answer 46

Congestive heart failure

Question 47

A slow heartbeat, that is, below 60 beats per minute

Answer 47

Bradycardia

Question 48

A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump

Answer 48

Fibrillation

Question 49

A rapid heart rate, that is, over 100 beats per min

Answer 49

Tachycardia

Question 50

Damaged AV node totally or partially releasing ventricles from the control of the SA node

Answer 50

Heart block

Question 51

Chest pain, resulting from ischemia of the myocardium

Answer 51

Angina Pectoris

Question 52

Result of initial failure of the left side of the heart

Answer 52

Pulmonary congestion