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Chapter 11 Tudor Flashcards

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1
Q

What stayed the same following the Reformation in the Church?

A

Services remained in Latin and focused on the Eucharist
Mass reflected the importance of saving grace of Christ
7 sacraments central

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2
Q

How did Henry remain committed to traditional religious practices?

A

Henry’s personal views showed in the trial of Lambert where he reinforced the belief in the Eucharist and transubstantiation

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3
Q

Why were there new developments in beliefs and practices

A

Competing faction of Cromwell who wanted to return England to Rome

Developing doctrine for the new Church of England which created pressure on Henry to change

Directing religious belief towards supporting Henry

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4
Q

Summarise Cromwell’s role?

A

Enlisted help from reformers to devise statements on religious doctrine to reach uniformity in beliefs and practices

Royal Injunction encouraged preaching of scripture

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5
Q

Who was Stokesley?

A

Bishop of London opposed change to doctrine and translation of Bible. He was a strong opposer of Lutheranism

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6
Q

What are the main articles of faith in Catholicism?

A

Eucharist
Clergy taking communion
All 7 sacraments
Regular confession
Clerical celibacy
Statues of saints
Purgatory
Mass
Rituals practised

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7
Q

What were some new Protestant features of doctrine in England?

A

Importance of sermons
English translation of Bible
No monasteries
Litany in English

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8
Q

When were the Ten Articles?

A

1536

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9
Q

What were the Ten Articles?

A

Distinctive attempt by Cromwell to provide the Church with a set of beliefs which moved towards Protestantism and a shift towards a more stronger Lutheran, reformist position

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10
Q

What did the Ten Articles mean?

A

Didn’t mention all 7 sacraments - only 3, Eucharist, penance and baptism
Questioned purgatory
Discouraged pilgrimages
Rituals and ceremonies changed
Intercession of saints

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11
Q

What continued from the Ten Articles?

A

Emphasised sacraments
Didn’t mention transubstantiation
Emphasised nature of salvation, praying to saints
Didn’t deviate from what was familiar

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12
Q

When was Cromwell’s Injunctions?

A

1536 - Required every parish to have an English bible -

Injunctions to make the 10 Articles binding

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13
Q

When was the Matthew Bible published?

A

1537

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14
Q

Who were these English Bibles given to?

A

The Coverdale Bible was adopted as a key text in every parish church and priests were instructed to purchase a copy and ensure all parishioners could read it

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15
Q

What was the problem with Coverdale’s translation?

A

More dependent on translations from Tyndale and Luther - reformist in nature as both favoured Protestant views when translating compared to the conservative Catholic view

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16
Q

What did Gardiner believe?

A

Stated scripture had to be interpreted so all people could have access to Bible and understand teaching

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17
Q

Why did Henry agree to the Bible being translated?

A

Recognised to control religion he needed to restrict it to those who maintained his power and showed how he moved towards reformism and the extent he leaned towards a reformist agenda

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18
Q

When was the Bishop’s Book published?

A

1537

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19
Q

Why was the Bishops’ Book created?

A

Cromwell had called bishops to resolve doctrinal and liturgical issues to determine canon law - published the Bishops Book

Provided unity by instructing parish priests and parishioners

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20
Q

What was the issue with the Bishops Book?

A

Bishops influenced by Lutheran ideas like salvation by faith and transubstantiation

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21
Q

How did Henry oppose the Bishops Book?

A

Disapproved it and revoked after 3 years of usage

Produced a critique of theology of the book

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22
Q

Why did Henry criticise the Bishops’ Book?

A

Determination to control the direction of the Church and show his theological understandingW

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23
Q

What did the Bishops Book do?

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A

Restored all sacraments
Promoted unity by instructing in Church doctrine

24
Q

When were the Six Articles?

25
What were the Six Articles?
Passed into law the key beliefs of the Church and removed Lutheran doctrine, stopping the drift to Protestantism and reassert Catholic doctrine as faith
26
Why did Henry want to pass the Six Articles?
Pope had called for crusade against him and intended to show rulers he was Catholic Felt the religious reform went to far Excommunication reacted to international pressures Reinstate some Catholic practices Committed to traditional religious practices
27
What were the Six Articles?
Upheld belief in: Transubstantiation Private Mass Confession to priest Clerical celibacy Vows of chastity Communion with wafer Reinforced heresy laws
28
When was the King's Book published?
1543
29
What was the King's Book?
Replaced the Bishop's Book and reduced reading of Bible to those of noble status. It provided a statement of beliefs for the Church
30
What did the King's Book mean?
Emphasised importance of masses for dead to reduce time spent in purgatory, Creed, sacraments, Ten Commandments and Lord's Prayer
31
What did the King's Book continue?
Doctrinally more conservative and reaffirmed traditional beliefs.
32
What Act restricted the reading of the Bible in English?
Advancement of True Religion
33
When was the Book of Homilies published?
1544
34
What was the Book of Homilies?
Short sermons developing a point of doctrine and
35
Why did Cranmer publish the book of Homilies?
Develop reform of the liturgy and develop Protestantismt
36
What stayed the same with the book of Homilies?
Latin Mass remained central to spiritual life of Church of England
37
What happened to chantry guilds from 1540 and 1543?
18 chantries were dissolved by royal initiative
38
Why was there a change to the chantries?
Offered good financial benefits - money gained to fund wars against France and Scotland since chantries were wealthy institutions
39
When was the attack on chantry chapels?
Between 1540 and 1547
40
How was the Church hierarchy divided over change?
Protestant party led by Cranmer advocated Lutheran ideas and wanted to steer direction of reformation Conservative faction in favour of little change to doctrine
41
What role did Cromwell have?
Important role as vice-gerent and passed measures in Parliament to pursue a reformist agenda. He was a lay person in charge of the Church and was political loyal to Henry
42
What did Cromwell believe?
Religious reformist who favoured aspects of Lutheran faith
43
What did Cromwell do to pursue reformist agenda?
Secured majority in Convocation to control Church Persuaded bishops to agree to radical measures Issued injunctions to ensure obedience to measures Used intimidation to counter opposition to Church
44
What did the Second Injunctions in 1538 do?
Enlisted JPs to police process and stated relics of saints should be removed Reported bishops who didn't implement instructions
45
How did bishops feel about Injunctions?
Some implemented them well like Barlow. Others opposed enforcement
46
Who was Cranmer?
Religious reformist who was Archbishop of Canterbury and led the Protestant party. He was the spiritual head of the Church.
47
What did Cranmer believe in?
Had sympathies towards Lutheranism and preached the doctrine of the divine rights of Kings. He showed support toward the shift to Protestantism
48
Who opposed Cranmer?
Bishop of Durham who argued the Act of Supremacy didn't define his role Gardiner who argued he had not held a position in clergy before and therefore resented his rise to power Tunstall objected Cranmer's title
49
What continued with the organisation of the Church?
Hierarchical system continued with bishops at the top Same Church structure Convocation existed but under pressure from Cromwell Cranmer didn't cause much reform in the Church and his involvement in the Reformation was minimal up to 1547
50
What did the 1st Injunctions do?
Removed superstitious images in churches and discouraged pilgrimages and promoted the use of the Bible.
51
Did Cromwell face much opposition?
Often passed reformist measures without resistance from Henry nor Parliament Justified his actions based on the King, suspected people of treason who thought otherwise and secured majority in Convocation Didn't go through normal procedure to issue injunctions with bishops consent
52
Did Cranmer face much opposition?
Had King's support on reformist, Lutheran changes and became leading councillor on King's council Given permission to promote own Litany
53
Who refused to follow the 1st Injunctions?
Bishop of Llandaff didn't enforce the injunctions
54
What did Gardiner oppose?
Conservative influence grew when he undermined reformist agenda
55
Why did the King make changes
To show ultimately Cromwell and Cranmer were under his control and he could steer the direction of the Church
56
When was the Act of Parliament that allowed 19 chantries to be taken by the crown?
1545

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