Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DAT > Chapter 11.1 Circulatory system > Flashcards

Chapter 11.1 Circulatory system Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

2 chambered heart consists of:

A

1 atrium & 1 ventricle
Pump only deoxygenated blood
Single circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 chambered heart consists of:

A

1 Right atrium & 1 Left atrium & 1 Ventricle

Mix oxygenated & deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 chambered heart consists of:

A

1 Right atrium & 1 Left atrium & 1 Right ventricle & 1 Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Human heart pathway:

A

Superior or inferior vena cava, Right atrium, Tricuspid (atrioventricular) valve, Right ventricle, Pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary arteries, LUNGS, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid/ mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, body tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biggest vein:

A

Vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Superior vena cava function

A

returns deoxygenated blood from ABOVE the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inferior vena cava function

A

returns deoxygenated blood from BELOW the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid, bicuspid = prevent back flow from ventricles to atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve function

A

one way blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Gas exchange deoxygenated blood.

Carries blood AWAY from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Oxygenated blood toward heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most muscular vein

A

Left ventricle ~ ejects oxygenated blood through aortic semilunar valve into aorta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Largest artery in the body & highest blood pressure

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pulmonary circulation:

A

Deoxygenated blood

Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary arteries, lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

System circulation:

A

Oxygenated blood

Lung, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid/mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, body tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heart pumps blood itself via what type of circulation:

A

Coronary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Coronary circulation

A

beings when coronary artier ~ branch off aorta & provide oxygen to myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Myocardium (muscular layer of heart)

A

contains cardiomyocytes

Endocardium ~ beneath the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pericardium:

A

sack of fluid surrounding heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fluid in sack called

A

Serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Serous pericardium contains

A

protein ~ acts as lubricant

reduces friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Human cardiac cycle:

A

Sinoartrial node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of HIS, purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sinoatrial node “pacemakers of heart”

A

Greatest automaticity in the heart
Reach threshold & stimulates AP
Parasympathetic vagus nerve
Depolarizes through both atria & send their blood into ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parasympathetic vagus nerve

A

Default signal ~ to slow down SA node to normal rate of 60-90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Atrioventricular node
Adds a brief delay in b/w atria contracting and ventricles contracting Electrical signal sent to bundle of HIS ~ by AV node
26
Bundle of his
Located in interventicular system | Carries signal to the base of the heart through right & left bundle of his to purkinje fibers
27
Purkinje fibers
Located in walls of ventricles | Coordinates contraction b/w ventricles
28
Systole
Right after ventricles EJECT their blood into arteries | Blood pressure highest
29
Diastole
Right after atria CONTRACT to fill the ventricles Myocardium relaxed at this point Blood pressure lowest
30
Lub --> systole
Left & Right atria = relaxed Left & Right ventricle = contract Semilunar valve = open Atrioventricular = close/snap shut
31
Dub --> diastole
Left & Right atria = contract Left & Right ventricle = relaxed Semilunar valve = close Atrioventricular = open
32
Signal transduction through what? (4)
Intercalated discs, Desmosomes, gap junction, syncytium
33
Intercalated discs:
contact point between cardiomyocytes (contain desmosomes, gap junction)
34
Desmosomes
Proteins hold and adhere cardiomyocytes together
35
Gap junctions
Protein tunnels ~ connect cytoplasm of near cardiomyocytes Allow ions, molecules to directly pass Propagate action potential
36
Syncytium
connection of many heart cells together
37
Syncytium
connection of many heart cells together
38
Stroke volume
Volume of blood pumped from HEART WITH EACH BEAT
39
Cardiac output
Volume of blood pumped by HEART IN ONE MINUTE | CO = HR * SV
40
Total Peripheral resistance
Total amount of resistance that blood faces when flowing
41
Vasoconstriction:
blood vessels increase TPR
42
Vasodilation:
Blood vessels decrease TPR
43
Mean arterial pressure:
Average arterial pressure during ONE CARDIAC CYCLE | MAP = CO * TPR
44
What are 3 three layers of blood vessels?
Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica Externa
45
Tunica intima
contains endothelial cells ~ reduce friction | Surround lumen of blood vessels
46
Tunica media
contains smooth muscles ~ control diameter | Above intima
47
Tunica Externa
contains collagen protein ~ protect vessel nerve and elastin Above media
48
Characteristics of arteries:
Carry blood AWAY from the heart ~ oxygenated Elastic vessels - thick tunica media Hold less blood Highest blood pressure
49
Characteristics of arterioles:
``` Carries oxygenated blood Smaller diameter Resistance vessels Blood pressure drops the most Vasoconstriction ~ maintain blood temp Vasodilation ~ cools us down ```
50
Characteristics of capillary:
Branch off to arterioles and connect to venules One endothelial - thick tunica intima Smallest in diameter
51
Characteristics of veins/venules:
Carry blood TOWARD the heart ~ deoxygenated Veins are wider Hold more blood Lowest blood pressure Contains valves (skeletal muscle & respiratory pump) Both: have smooth muscles
52
Effects of abdomen pressure on veins?
increase pressure - squeeze veins - moves blood forward
53
Effects of thoracic cavity pressure on vena cava & right atria?
Decrease ~ negative pressure in vena cava & right atria = expand = pull blood inside
54
What are 2 portal systems?
Hepatic portal vein | Hypophyseal portal vein
55
Hepatic portal vein
Moves blood directly from digestive tract to liver
56
Hypophyseal portal vein
Hormones from hypothalamus enter anterior pituitary | Prevents hormones from being diluted
57
Blood clothing cascade "Positive feedback mechanism"
Damaged tissue - exposes collagen Exposed collagen - causes platelet activation - platelet aggregates - forming platelet plug. Thromboplastin (released by platelet) - converts prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin - blood clots forming hemostatic plug.
58
Which vitamin is important for clothing factors (prothrombin)?
Vitamin K
59
Blood consists of:
Plasma, leukocytes, erythrocytes, Platelets
60
Plasma
contains water, proteins, hormones
61
Leukocytes
immune cells, contains nucleus
62
Erythrocytes
Anucleate ~ maximizes capacity to carry oxygen Have antigens (sugars & proteins) Hemoglobin molecules
63
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
anucleate cell fragments
64
What is a precursor to platelets ?
Large bone marrow megakarocytes
65
Type of blood universal recipient ?
Type AB
66
Type of blood universal donor?
Type O
67
Placenta
provides oxygen & nutrient supply to fetus
68
Umbilical cord
oxygen & nutrients travels to fetus
69
Umbilical vein
Carries oxygenated blood entering fetus
70
Ductus venosos
allows oxygenated blood entering fetus to flow into inferior vena cava & mix with deoxygenated blood.
71
Foramen ovule
oxygenated blood travels from right atrium to left atrium

DAT (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions