Chapter 12

Question 1

What is stress?

Answer 1

the tension discomfort or physical symptoms that arise when a stressor strains our ability to cope effectively

Question 2

there are three approaches to stress. what are they?

Answer 2

stimuli
transaction
response

Question 3

stress as a stimuli addresses….

Answer 3

stressful events
- helps to identify situations that are more stressful than others

Question 4

stress as a transaction…

Answer 4

how ppl interpret and cope with stressful events
- primary and secondary appraisals
- problem focused or emotional focused

Question 5

what is the difference between primary and secondary appraisals?

Answer 5

primary - we decide if the event is harmful to us or not
secondary - decide how well we can cope with it

Question 6

what is problem focused coping?

Answer 6

• tackle lifes challenges head on - attempts to change the situation

Question 7

what is emotion focused coping?

Answer 7

strategy that focuses on a positive outlook on feelings or situations accompanied by behavior’s that reduce painful emotions - attempts to change your reaction to a situation

Question 8

what is the difference between a major life event, and a daily hassle?

Answer 8

major - alter your life
hassle - daily stressors of life - the little things that cause us stress

Question 9

stress as a response…

Answer 9

peoples physical and psychological reactions to the stressful circumstance

Question 10

what is Hans Selye proposed general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 10

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

Question 11

what is the alarm reaction

Answer 11

1st stage
how we react to a situation
- flight or fight

Question 12

what is the resistance stage

Answer 12

2nd stage
when you cant get out of a situation you find a way to deal with it

Question 13

what is the exhaustion stage?

Answer 13

you do not want to get here
happens after a long period of stress
bad stress
exhaustion

Question 14

what is the tend and befriend?

Answer 14

a common pattern of reacting to stress among women
in times of stress women rely on social contacts and nurturing abilities
tend to those around them and befriend/turn to others for support

Question 15

oxytocin promotes what response?

Answer 15

the tend and befriend
it is the love and bonding hormone

Question 16

after periods of long lasting stress people can develop _____

Answer 16

PTSD

Question 17

what are ways to cope with stress?

Answer 17

social support
gaining control

Question 18

what is social support?

Answer 18

interpersonal relations with people groups and larger communities, to provide us with emotional comfort, financial assistance and info about decisions

Question 19

how many types of control are there?

Answer 19

5

Question 20

what are the types of control?

Answer 20

Behavioral
cognitive
decisional
informational
emotional

Question 21

what is behavioral control?

Answer 21

• problem focused - taking action to reduce the impact of stress or prevent the reoccurrence of the stressful situation
• step up and so something
  -take action

Question 22

what is cognitive control?

Answer 22

the ability to think differently about the situation that you are in.
-change the way we think about negative emotions.

Question 23

what is decisional control?

Answer 23

the ability to chose among alternatives
- there are options

Question 24

what is informational control?

Answer 24

-proactive coping
- gain info about the stressful event

Question 25

what is emotional control?

Answer 25

ability to suppress and express emotions feelings

Question 26

what is catharsis?

Answer 26

the disclosing of painful feelings expressing negative emotions must be in control of the release of emotion - you cant be going pscyho

Question 27

what is crisis debrifing?

Answer 27

discussing an event shortly after it happens - meant to prevent PTSD but has been shown to not be helpful

Question 28

optimistic people ....

Answer 28

handle stress better are more productive, focused and have better morality and better immune system

Question 29

higher levels of spirituality and religion ...

Answer 29

make people happier and healthier

Question 30

what is ruminating ?

Answer 30

focusing on negatives and endlessly analyzing the bad and what caused the problems

Question 31

what is the immune system?

Answer 31

our bodies defense mechanism against invaders

Question 32

what are the 1st and 2nd lines of defense?

Answer 32

1- antibodies 2- white blood cells

Question 33

what is psychoneuroimmunology?

Answer 33

the study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system - so like how stress can make us sick - how thinking effects our immune function

Question 34

what is the biopsychosocial perspective?

Answer 34

- most illnesses are caused by a mix of biological psychological and social factors

Question 35

CHD

Answer 35

- blockage of arteries more stress = higher risk - type A

Question 36

what is the most predictive trait of heart disesase?

Answer 36

hostility

Question 37

what are 4 factors that will help to improve health and stress?

Answer 37

- stop smoking - stop drinking - maintain a healthy weight - exercise - 30mins several times a week

Question 38

what is alternative medicine?

Answer 38

INSTEAD of conventional medicine

Question 39

what is complementary medicine?

Answer 39

products and practices with conventional medicine