Chapter 14

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

peoples typical ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving

Question 2

traits

Answer 2

predispositions that influence our behavior’s across many situations
- account for consistencies in our behavior’s

Question 3

what are the three influences on personality?

Answer 3

genetic - personality is linked to biological parents makeup
shared environmental - experiences within the same family make them more alike
nonshared environmental - experiences make individuals within the same family less alike

Question 4

Shared environment plays ________role in adult personality

Answer 4

little to no role

Question 5

Genes directly influence traits T/F

Answer 5

true

Question 6

who was Freud and what did he believe? what was his theory?

Answer 6

neurologist that developed the first comprehensive theory of personality
psychoanalytical theory

Question 7

who developed the psychoanalytical theory?

Answer 7

freud

Question 8

what is the psychoanalytical theory? what are the three primary assumptions?

Answer 8

1 psychic determinism
2 symbolic meaning
3 unconscious motivation

Question 9

what is psychic determinism?

Answer 9

all psychological events have a cause
we arent free to choose out actions

Question 10

what is symbolic meaning?

Answer 10

no action is meaningless - everything is a symbol for something

Question 11

what is unconscious motivation?

Answer 11

rarely understand why we do what we do

Question 12

Freud though the psyche consisted of three components which are..

Answer 12

ID - primitive instincts - sex and aggression
Ego - decision maker - deal with real world
Superego - sense of morality - ppl with high superego are guilty

Question 13

what are defense mechanisms?

Answer 13

unconscious maneuvers intended to minimize anxiety - tools for coping

Question 14

what are the 7 defense mechanisms?

Answer 14

repression
denial
projection
displacement
rationalization
intellectualization
sublimation

Question 15

what is repression

Answer 15

motivated forgetting of emotionally threatening memories
forget because you want to

Question 16

what is denial?

Answer 16

motivated forgetting of distressing experiences

Question 17

what is projection?

Answer 17

attribution of our negative qualities onto others

Question 18

what is displacement?

Answer 18

direct an unacceptable impulse into one that is more acceptable/safe

Question 19

what is rationalization?

Answer 19

reasonable explaination for something that is not

Question 20

what is intellectualization?

Answer 20

avoid anxiety by thinking about abstract and interpersonal thoughts

Question 21

what is sublimation?

Answer 21

transforming impulse into a goal

Question 22

who developed the stages of psychosexual development? what are they?

Answer 22

freud
we pass through stages that are focused on erogenous zones of the body - if we get fixated on a stage we cannot move on

Question 23

what does erogenous mean?

Answer 23

sexually arousing

Question 24

what are the stages of the psychosexual development theory? - describe

Answer 24

oral - birth - 12/18 months - mouth - suck/drink
anal - 18mo-3yrs - toilet training - ego develops
phallic - 3-6yrs - genitals - love opp sex parent
latency - 6-12 - find opp sex yucky
genital - 12+ - sexual impulses

Question 25

neo-Freudians - how did they differ?

Answer 25

- less emphasis on sexuality - more optimistic about personal growth

Question 26

skinner believed in ______ approaches

Answer 26

behavioural

Question 27

Rodgers proposed the ___________theory

Answer 27

self actualization

Question 28

what was the self-actualization theory?

Answer 28

the drive to develop our inate potential to the fullest possible extent

Question 29

rodgers model focused on what 3 things?

Answer 29

the organism the self the conditions of worth

Question 30

what is the big five model

Answer 30

an approach to describe personality

Question 31

what are the big 5

Answer 31

openness to experience conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism

Question 32

what is openness to experience

Answer 32

curiosity and unconventional high - creative, new things, challenges, abstract thinking low- no change, not imaginative, no new ideas

Question 33

what is conscientiousness?

Answer 33

careful and responsible high - perpared, finishes tasks, detail, schedual low - no structure, not on time

Question 34

what is extraversion?

Answer 34

social and lively high - center of attention, meet new ppl, convo starter low - think before talk, no small talk

Question 35

what is agreeableness?

Answer 35

social able and easy to get along with high - forgiveness, caring,helping,empathy low - doesnt care for/about others

Question 36

what is Neuroticism?

Answer 36

tense and moody high - upset often, mood swings, anxious low - emontionally stable, handle stress, rarely upset

Question 37

tendencies VS adaptations

Answer 37

t - underlying personality traits a - behavioral manifestations

Question 38

MMPI

Answer 38

low face validity good for mental disorders - bad in other ways