Chapter 12

Question 1

Ventricles help…

Answer 1

decrease the weight of the brain

Question 2

Surface markings

Answer 2

Gyri, Sulci, Fissure

Question 3

Motor Areas

Answer 3

Primary Motor Cortex
Premotor Cortex
Broca’s Area
Frontal Eye Field

Question 4

Premotor Cortex

Answer 4

helps plan movements

Question 5

Broca’s Area

Answer 5

speech production

Question 6

Important Sensory Areas

Answer 6

Primary Somatosensory cortex
Somatosensory Association cortex
Visual Areas
Auditory Areas
Vestibular cortex
Visceral sensory area

Question 7

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 7

skin & proprioceptors

Question 8

Somatosensory Association cortex

Answer 8

Integrate sensory inputs (temperature, pressure, etc)

Question 9

multimodal association areas

Answer 9

Receive inputs from multiple sensory areas
 Send outputs to multiple areas, including the premotor cortex

Question 10

Anterior association area (prefrontal cortex)

Answer 10

Involved w/ intellect, complex learning abilities (cognition), recall, and personality
 Contains working memory, necessary for abstract ideas, judgment, reasoning, persistence, and planning.

Question 11

Posterior association area

Answer 11

Recognizes patterns and faces, localizing us and our surroundings in space

Question 12

Limbic association area

Answer 12

emotions. Provide emotional impact that makes a scene more important to us (ex: sense of danger)

Question 13

CNS Fiber types & connections

Answer 13

commissural - btn hemis
association - btn areas
projection - btn stem & cerebrum (including thalamus)

Question 14

Basal Nuclei

Answer 14

controls messaging about movement

Question 15

Thalamus

Answer 15

relay station for all information

Question 16

Hypo + Epithalamus

Answer 16

homeostasis + sleep-wake cycle

Question 17

Midbrain

Answer 17

visual & auditory processing & controls pain modulation

Question 18

Pons

Answer 18

relay station from medulla oblongata & cortex & fine tunes breathing

Question 19

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 19

most important controls cardiovascular & respiratory functions (diaphragm & heart beat)

Question 20

Reticular Formation (RAS - R. Activating System)

Answer 20

Arousal of the brain as a whole

Question 21

Wernicke’s area

Answer 21

ability to speak

Question 22

Ascending Pathways

Answer 22

Conduct sensory pathways upward through a chain of three neurons: 1st, 2nd, & 3rd order

Question 23

First-order neuron

Answer 23

Conduct impulses from cutaneous receptors of skin and from proprioceptors to spinal cord or brain stem where they synapse w/ 2nd order neurons

Question 24

Second-order neuron

Answer 24

Transmit impulses to the thalamus or to the cerebellum where they synapse

Question 25

Third-order neuron

Answer 25

Relay impulses to the somatosensory cortex of cerebrum

Question 26

DESCENDING PATHWAYS AND TRACTS

Answer 26

Deliver efferent impulses from the brain to the spinal cord  Direct pathways  Indirect pathways

Question 27

Descending pathways Involve two neurons:

Answer 27

Upper motor neurons Lower motor neurons - Directly innervate skeletal muscles