Chapter 12

Question 1

_________ is the technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms, or parts of this to develop or create different products.

Answer 1

Biotechnology

Question 2

• all genetic information of an organism

Answer 2

Genome

Question 3

The technology that works on manipulating the genome to correct defective genes to treat heritable diseases

Answer 3

Gene Therapy

Question 4

Gene Therapy is a therapeutic strategy / genetic engineering techniques to cure diseases or disorders caused by _______.

Answer 4

Genetic problem

Question 5

• it results in modified genes

Answer 5

Gene editing

Question 6

It is a more precise than genetic engineering

Answer 6

Gene editing

Question 7

In _______, the faulty genes are corrected or edited by inserting “good genes”.

Answer 7

Gene editing

Question 8

often called the blueprint of life that carry the information responsible for the individual’s trait.

Answer 8

Genes

Question 9

These are the genetic materials in our body cells

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

It contain the instruction that directs the cells in our body to make proteins.

Answer 10

DNA or genes

Question 11

It is produced by specific genes(KRT1 gene) in the cells of our body line together to form the skin and the fingernails.

Answer 11

Keratin protein

Question 12

It is a complete set of DNA or genes in a cell or organism. It contains all the information needed by the cells in our body to build, grow, and develop.

Answer 12

Genome

Question 13

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs.
22 pairs are non sex chromosomes while the remaining pair dictate the organism’s characteristics.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

It contain sequences of DNA

Answer 14

Sister chromatids

Question 15

It houses the DNA

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

Mutations in specific genes cause these. These disorders are either a) autosomal single gene disorder and b) X linked disorder.

Answer 16

Single Gene Disorders

Question 17

it happens when the altered genes occur in the 22 pairs of non sex chromosomes. Examples are Sickle cell anemia, Cystic Fibrosis, and Tay- Sachs Disease.

Answer 17

Autosomal single gene disorder

Question 18

it refers to diseases in which the altered genes occur in the sex chromosomes, specially the X chromosomes. An example of an X linked condition is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Answer 18

X linked disorder

Question 19

Those changes in structure and number of chromosomes. It occurs when there is the excess or lacking chromosome, rearrangement of the chromosome, and contiguous gene-syndrome.

Answer 19

Chromosomal disorders

Question 20

born with an extra X chromosome
Instead of the typical XY chromosome in men, they have XXY, so this condition is sometimes called XXY syndrome.

Answer 20

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 21

• occurs when a female is born with only one X chromosomes instead of 2.

Answer 21

Turner Syndrome

Question 22

occurs because of the extra copy of chromosome 21, which can cause the body and brain to develop differently than a child without the syndrome.

Answer 22

Down Syndrome(Trisomy 21)

Question 23

caused by having an additional copy of chromosomes 13 in some or all body’s cells.

Answer 23

Patau’s Syndrome (Trisomy 13)

Question 24

caused by the presence of all part of an extra 18th chromosome.

Answer 24

Edward’s Syndrome (Trisomy 18)

Question 25

Changes in multiple genes combined with environmental and lifestyle factors such as diet or cigarette smoke caused multifactorial inheritance.

Answer 25

Multifactorial Inheritance (Complex or Polygenic Inheritance)

Question 26

a method of treating or preventing diseases by replacing, repairing, or turning on or off genes of a patient’s cell. It helps to treat genetic disorders such as those example mentioned that occur due to mutation that alter or inhibit protein functions.

Answer 26

Gene Therapy

Question 27

are vehicles or agents used to introduce or insert genes into the cell.

Answer 27

Vectors

Question 28

Cells tissues, and organisms where gene therapy is employed are described as _________ or _________.

Answer 28

transgenic or genetically modified.

Question 29

• not related to reproductive gene therapy
  
  • The genes are introduced to cells in the target organ (non sex cells) to produce enzymes needed by the body to function well without altering the organism’s genetic make-up.
    The changes caused are not transferred to the offspring

Answer 29

Somatic Gene Therapy

Question 30

• It involves introducing corrective genes to sex cells (sperm cells, egg cells) or 4 day old zygotes
  The process removes the abnormalities that the offs[ring may inherit.

Answer 30

Reproductive Gene Therapy or Germ line Cell Therapy

Question 31

transfer of gene in cultured cells and will be reinjected to the body of the agent.

Answer 31

ex vivo

Question 32

introduction to therapeutic gene into the vector injected directly to the body.

Answer 32

In vivo

Question 33

Can be carried out using viral or non-viral vectors.

Answer 33

In vivo

Question 34

refer to carrier particles or molecules used to deliver genes.

Answer 34

Vector

Question 35

depend on physical or chemical methods of delivering genetic material into a cell. Either be physical technique/ needle entering a cell or chemical technique/ created in a lab.

Answer 35

Non-viral vectors

Question 36

are built using a blueprint of a virus- not the actual virus itself.

Answer 36

Viral vectors