Chapter 12 Flashcards
Integumentary System
1
Q
integumentary system
A
made up of skin and related body systems; maintains health of body
2
Q
integumentary
A
to cover or enclose
3
Q
skin
A
protective outer layer covering the external surfaces of the entire body; waterproof, prevents fluid loss, part of the immune system, sense of touch and discourages growth of bacteria
4
Q
sebaceous glands
A
secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria
5
Q
sweat glands
A
regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat
6
Q
hair
A
helps control the loss of body heat
7
Q
nails
A
protect dorsal surface of the last bone in each toe and finger
8
Q
cutaneous
A
pertaining to the skin
9
Q
cutane
A
skin
10
Q
-ous
A
pertaining to
11
Q
epidermis
A
outermost layers of skin, several specialized epithelial tissues
12
Q
derm
A
skin
13
Q
squamous epithelial tissue
A
upper lays of epidermis, flat scaly cells, shed
14
Q
squamous
A
scale-like
15
Q
basal layer
A
lowest layer of epidermis, new cells produced and pushed upward, when cells dies they are filled with keratin
16
Q
keratin
A
fibrous, water-repelling protein
17
Q
melanocytes
A
special cells in basal cell layer, contain dark brown to black pigment called melanin
18
Q
melanin
A
pigment that determines skin color, also responsible fro freckles and age spots
19
Q
ultraviolet
A
UV; refers to light beyond visible spectrum at violet end
20
Q
dermis
A
corium; thick layer of living tissue directly below epidermis, has connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers; hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands
21
Q
sensory nerve endings
A
dermis, sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain and pressure
22
Q
collagen
A
glue; tough yet flexible fibrous protein material in skin, bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
23
Q
mast cells
A
in connective tissue in dermis, respond to injury, infection or allergy by producing and releasing substances including heparin and histamine
24
Q
heparin
A
released in response to injury, is an anticoagulant
25
anticoagulant
prevents blood clotting
26
histamine
released in response to allergen, cause symptoms of allergic response including itching and increased mucous secretion
27
subcutaneous layer
just below layers of skin and connects skin to surface muscles, has loose connective and adipose tissue
28
cellulite
describes deposits of dimpled fat around the buttocks and thighs
29
lipocytes
fat cells; in subcutaneous layer where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat
30
lip/o
fat
31
sebaceous glands
in dermis layer, closely associated with hair follicles
32
sebum
oily substance that is released through ducts opening into hair follicles; acidic, discourages bacteria growth
33
sweat glands
sudoriferous glands; tiny, coiled glands on almost all body surfaces
34
apocrine glands
found at hair follicles
35
ecrine glands
open onto skin, most numerous in palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead
36
pores
openings on the skin surface that act as ducts for sweat glands
37
perspiration
sweat; secreted by sweat glands, 99% water plus some salt, and metabolic waste products
38
hidrosis
production and excretion of perspiration
39
mammary glands
milk-producing, modified sweat glands, part of both integumentary and reproductive systems
40
hair
rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin
41
hair follicles
sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers; shape of follicles creates straight or curly hair
42
arrector pili
tiny muscle fibers attached to hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect
43
unguis
fingernail or toenail; keratin plate that protects dorsal surface of the last bone
44
nail plate
translucent, closely molded to surface of underlying tissues, hard keratinized plates of epidermal cells
45
nail bed
skin underneath the nail plate which joins the nail body to underlying connective tissue and nourishes the nail, blood vessels give pink color
46
free edge
portion of nail not attached to nail bed
47
lunula
pale half-moon shaped region at every nail root, active area of nail where new keratin cells and formed and pushed out
48
lun
moon
49
-ula
little
50
cuticle
narrow band of epidermis attached to surface of the nail just in front of the root, protects the new cells
51
nail root
fastens nail to finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin
52
plastic surgeon
specializes in surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures
53
cosmetic surgeon
plastic surgeon, done for aesthetic rather than medical reasons
54
acne vulgaris
acne; chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by overproduction of sebum around hair shafts
55
vulgaris
common
56
comedo
non-infected lesion formed by buildup of sebum, keratin in hair follicle
57
whitehead
comedo with abstracted opening
58
blackhead
sebum plug that is exposed to the air and oxidizes, open comedo
59
epidermoid cyst
sebaceous cyst; closed sac that is found just under the skin, contains yellow fatty material, usually found on face, neck or trunk
60
seborrheic dermatitis
inflammation resulting from overactivity of sebaceous gland causing scaling and itching of upper layers of the skin or scalp ex. dandruff, cradle cap
61
seb/o
sebum
62
-rrheic
pertaining to flow or discharge
63
seborrheic keratosis
benign skin growth that has a waxy or "pasted-on" look
64
anhidrosis
hypohidrosis; abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat
65
an-
without
66
hidr
sweat
67
diaphoresis
profuse sweating, exercise or stressed caused
68
dia
through or complete
69
phor
movement
70
-esis
abnormal condition
71
heat rash
prickly heat; intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells
72
heatstroke
sun stroke; medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, core temperature at least 104 degrees F, altered mind state and racing heart, can cause organ swelling and death
73
hyperhidrosis
condition of excessive sweating in one area of over whole body
74
sleep hyperhidrosis
night sweats; hyperhidrosis during sleep, caused by menopause, medication and infectious disease
75
folliculitis
inflammation of the hair follicles
76
follicul
hair follicle
77
trichomycosis axillaris
superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with excessive sweat glands
78
trich/o
hair
79
axill
armpit
80
-ary
pertaining to
81
hirsutism
presence of excessive body and facial hair in women
82
hirsut
hairy
83
-ism
condition
84
alopecia
baldness; partial or complete loss of hair
85
alopec
baldness
86
alopecia areata
autoimmune disorder that attacks hair follicles, causing well defined bald areas
87
areata
occurring in patches
88
alopecia totalis
uncommon condition characterized by loss of all hair on the scalp
89
alopecia universalis
total loss of hair on all parts of the body
90
androgenic alopecia
most common
91
androgenic
androgens; hormones involved in development and maintenance of masculine characteristics
92
male pattern baldness
hairline receding from front to back
93
female pattern baldness
hair thinning in front, on sides, and sometimes crown of the scalp, total loss of hair is rare
94
clubbing
abnormal curving of the mails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips, due to lack of oxygen
95
koilonychia
spoon nail; malformation of nails in which outer surface is concave or scooped out
96
koil
hollow or concave
97
onych
fingernail or toenail
98
onychia
onychitis; inflammation of nail bed that often results in loss of the nail
99
onychocryptosis
ingrown toenail; edges of toenail curve inwards and cut into skin
100
crypt
hidden
101
onychornycosis
fungal infection of the nail
102
onychlysis
separation of nail plate from nail bed, usually painless caused by allergic reaction, fungal infection, or psoriasis
103
-lysis
separation
104
paronychia
acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail
105
par-
near
106
acanthosis nigricans
condition where one or more area of the skin develops dark, velvety areas of discoloration, usually in skin folds; sign of disease like cancer, type 2 diabetes, or reaction to meds
107
age spots
solar lintigines, liver spots; discoloration caused by sun exposure, sometimes resemble skin cancer growths
108
albinism
genetic condition characterized by deficiency or absence of pigment in skin, hair, or irises
109
albin
white
110
melasma
chloasma, mask of pregnancy; pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots of face, can occur during pregnancy
111
vitiligo
skin condition resulting from destruction of melanocytes due to unknown cause, irregular patches of shite skin occur in process called depigmentation, hair can also turn white in patches
112
contusion
injury to underlying tissue without breaking skin, characterized by discoloration and pain
113
contus
bruise
114
ecchymosis
bruise; large, irregular area of discoloration due to bleeding under skin
115
ecchym
pouring out of juice
116
purpura
appearance of multiple purple discolorations causes by bleeding underneath skin
117
purpur
purple
118
petechiae
very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2 mm in diameter, sometimes result of high fever
119
hematoma
caused by injury, swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissue, eventually reabsorbed
120
hemat
blood
121
subungual hematoma
blood trapped under a finger or toenail
122
lesion
pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury, described by appearance, location, color and size
123
crust
scab; collection of hard, dried serum and blood that forms as a barrier over a partial-thickness wound
124
eschar
dead crust-like tissue found in a full-thickness wound, often brown or black
125
erosion
wearing away of surface, such as the epidermis of skin or outer laying of mucous membrane
126
macule
macula; discolored flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter ex. freckles, moles
127
nodule
solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than 0.5 cm and does not contain pus ex. pimples
128
plaque
scaly, solid raised area of closely spaced papule ex. lesion of psoriasis
129
scales
flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells
130
verrucae
warts; small hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus
131
plantar warts
verrucae that develop on soles of feet
132
wheal
welt; small bump that itches ex. hives
133
abscess
closed pocket containing pus that is caused by bacterial infection
134
purulent
producing or containing pus
135
exudate
a fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound
136
cyst
abnormal sac containing gas, fluid or semisolid material; sac of vesicle elsewhere in body
137
pustule
pimple; small, circumscribed lesion containing pus, caused by acne, impetigo or other skin infections
138
circumscribed
contained within a limited area
139
vesicle
small blister less than 0.5 cm in diameter, contains watery fluid ex. poison ivy rash
140
bulla
large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter
141
abrasion
injury in which the superficial layers of the skin are scraped or rubbed away
142
fissure
groove or crack-like break in the skin
143
laceration
torn or jagged wound or accidental cut
144
deep tissue injury
damage to the tissue under intact skin, looks like area of redness/bruising, does not change color if pressure is applied
145
pressure ulcer
elecubitus ulcer, bedsore; open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence, start as deep tissue injury
146
needle stick injury
accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle
147
puncture wound
injury caused by a pointed object piercing the skin
148
ulcer
open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges
149
pigmental birthmarks
moles; irregularities in skin color
150
slate gray nervus
Mongolian spot; benign blue-gray birthmark commonly found on back, butt or shoulders of Asian, African American, Polynesian and Native American babies; melanocytes didn't migrate to the skins surface before birth
151
vascular birthmarks
caused by blood vessels close to skin's surface, most common
152
macular stains
flat, red irregularly shaped birthmarks also called salmon patches for shape and angle kisses for location
153
capillary hemangioma
strawberry birthmark; soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark
154
hemangioma
benign tissue mass made up of newly formed blood vessels that in birthmarks are visible through skin
155
port-wine stain
flat, vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries creating a large redish-purple discoloration on face, neck, arms or legs
156
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin, characterized by redness, swelling and itching
157
contact dermatitis
localized rash caused by repeated contract with an irritant
158
intertriago
dermatitis caused by friction of skin rubbing together in skin folds, makes skin more susceptible to fungal or bacterial infection
159
eczema
atopic dermatitis; form of persistent or reoccurring dermatitis, characterized by redness, itching
160
exfoliative dermatitis
widespread scaling of the skin, accompanied by pruritus, erythroderma and hair loss
161
prurit
itching
162
erythema
redness in skin due to capillary dilation
163
erythem
flushed
164
erythema infectiosum
fifth disease; mildly contagious viral infection common in childhood, produces red, lace-like rash on child's face
165
erythema multiforme
skin disorder resulting from generalized allergic reaction to an illness, infection, or meds, affects skin and/or mucous membrane; raising with nodules or papule, macule or vesicles or bullae
166
erythema pernio
chilblains; purple-red inflammation that occurs when small blood vessels below the skin are damaged due to cold and damp weather
167
sunburn
form of erythema, skin cells are damaged by exposure to UV rays in sunlight
168
erythroderma
abnormal redness of entire skin surgace
169
exanthem
widespread rash, usually in children
170
rash
breaking out, or eruption, that changes color or texture of the skin
171
dermatosis
general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions not associated with inflammation
172
ichthyosis
group of disorders characterized by dry, thickened and scaly skin, a decrease in skin shedding and an increase in skin cell production
173
ichthy
dry or scaly
174
lipedemia
painful fat syndrome; chronic abnormal condition, accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs
175
lip/o
fat
176
systematic lupus erythematosus
lupus; autoimmune disorder characterized by red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk, also affects connective tissue
177
psoriasis
common, flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees scalp, back or butt
178
rosacea
adult acne; tiny red pimples and enlarged blood vessels on face, chronic with unknown cause
179
rhinophyma
bulbous nose; usually in older men, hyperplasia of tissue of nose, advanced rosacea
180
-phyma
growth
181
scleroderma
autoimmune disease, connective tissue becomes thickened and hardened, causing skin to be hard and swollen
182
scler/o
hard
183
urticaria
hives; itchy wheals caused by allergic reaction
184
urtic
rash
185
xeroderma
xerosis; excessively dry skin
186
xer/o
dry
187
hand, foot, and mouth disease
mild viral infection characterized by sores in mouth and throat and rash on hands and feet
188
molluscum contagiosum
viral infection, causes small, raised lesions called mollusca
189
mollusca
white, pink or flesh colored with dimpled center
190
cellulitis
acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within connective tissue that characterizes malaise, swelling, warmth and red streaks
191
furuncles
boils; larger, tender, swollen areas caused by staphylococcal infection around fair follicles and/or sebaceous glands
192
carbuncles
cluster of furuncles
193
gangene
death of tissue caused by loss of circulation to affected tissue followed by bacterial invasion that causes putrefaction, if it get to the bloodstream it is fatal
194
putrefaction
decay that produces foul-smelling odors
195
impetigo
highly contagious bacterial skin infection common in kids; isolated pustules that crust and rupture
196
necrotizing fasciitis
rare, sever infection caused by group A strep bacteria (flesh-eating bacteria)
197
pyoderma
acute, inflammation, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
198
mycosis
any abnormal condition or disease caused by fungus
199
tinea
ringworm; fungal infection that can grow on skin, hair or nails
200
tinea capitis
found on scalp
201
capitis
head
202
tinea corporis
fungal infection of skin on the body
203
corporis
body
204
tinea cruris
jock itch; found in genital area
205
tinea pedis
athlete's foot; between toes
206
pedis
feet
207
tinea versicolor
pityriasis versicolor; fungal infection that causes pailles, discolored areas on skin
208
versicolor
variety of color
209
infestation
dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue
210
pediculosis
infestation with lice, to get rid of, lice eggs (nits) must be destroyed
211
pedicul
lice
212
pediculosis capitis
infestation with head lice
213
pediculosis corporis
infestation with body lice
214
pediculosis pubis
infestation with lice in pubic/genital area
215
scabies
skin infection caused by infestation of itch mites, cause small itchy bumps and blisters by burrowing into top layer of skin to lay eggs
216
callus
thickened part of the skin on hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing
217
clavus, corn
callus in keratin layer of skin covering joints of toes
218
cicatrix
normal scar resulting from healing of a wound
219
granulation tissue
tissue that normally forms during healing of a wound, eventually forms the scar
220
keloid
abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision
221
kel
growth or tumor
222
-oid
resembling
223
keratosis
any skin growth, such as warts or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin
224
kerat
hard or horny
225
leukoplakia
keratosis in the mouth
226
lipoma
benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between skin and muscle layers, usually harmless and treatment is usually unnecessary
227
nevus
mole; small, dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in skin, usually benign
228
dysplastic nevi
atypical mole that can develop into skin cancer
229
papilloma
benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body
230
papill
resembling a nipple
231
polyp
general term used most commonly to describe a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane, not necessarily mailgnant
232
skin tags
achrocordon; small, flesh-colored or light-brown polyps that hand from the body by fine stalks, usually benign and in skin folds
233
skin cancer
malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes ie. sunburn
234
actinic keratosis
solar keratosis; precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin; red, tan, pink scaly patch
235
precancerous
describes a growth that is not yet malignant but if not treated will become so
236
basal cell carcinoma
malignant tumors of basal cell layer of epidermis, most common and least harmful, slow growing, rarely spreads, lesions bleed easily and are pink and smooth and raised with depression in the centers
237
squamous cell carcinoma
originates as malignant tumor of scaly squamous cells of epithelium, quickly spreads to other body systems, being as skin lesions that appear to be sores that will not heal or have a crusted look
238
malignant melanoma
melanoma; type of skin cancer that occurs in melanocytes, most serious type, first signs are changes in size, shape, shade or color of a mole
239
burn
injury to body tissue caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals or radiation
240
first-degree burn
superficial burn; no blisters, superficial damage to epidermis
241
second-degree burn
partial thickness burn; blisters, damage to epidermis and dermis
242
third-degree burn
full thickness burn; damage to epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers and possible muscle and bone
243
biopsy
removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis
244
bi-
pertaining to life
245
-opsy
view of
246
incisional biopsy
piece, but not all, of the tumor or lesions nis removed
247
excision biopsy
entire lesion or tumor and margin of surrounding tissue is removed
248
excision
complete removal of a lesion or organ
249
needle biopsy
hollow needle is used to remove core tissue from examination
250
exfoliative cytology
skin scraping; technique in which cells are scraped form tissue and examine under a microscope
251
exfoliation
removal of dead epidermal cells, often through sanding or chemabrasion
252
sunscreen
blocks out harmful UVB rays measure in terms of strength of sun protection factor (SPF), some also give protection against UVA rays
253
burn center
provides care for serious burns including pain relief, debridement and skin grafts, IV fluids and nutritional supplements, antibiotics, cosmetic reconstruction and rehabilitation
254
skin grafts
dermatoplasty; replacement of damages skin with health tissue taken from donor site on patients body
255
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning
256
chemabrasion
chemical peel; use of chemicals ro remove outer layer of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkles and keratosis
257
cryosurgery
freezing; destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells such as warts or tumors through application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen
258
cry/o
cold
259
-surgery
operative procedure
260
curettage
removal of material from surface by scraping, to remove basal cell tumors
261
debridement
removal of dirt, forcing objects, damaged tissue and cellular debris from would to prevent infection and promote healing
262
irrigation and debridement
procedure, pressurized fluid is used to clean out wound debris (I&D)
263
dermabrasion
form of abrasion involving use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper, remove acne and chicken pox scars and facial skin rejuvenation
264
microdermabrasion
removes only fine layer of skin, results are temporary
265
electrodesiccation
electrodesiccation and curettage (EDC); surgical technique preformed in congestion with curettage in which layers of tissue are destroyed using electric sparks then scraping away
266
incision
cut made with surgical intrument
267
incision and drainage
(I&D); incision of a lesion such as abscess and draining of the contents
268
mohs surgery
used to treat various types of skin cancer; individual layers of cancerous tissue are removed and examined under a microscope until a margin that is clear of all cancerous tissue has been acheived
269
laser
Light Amplification by Stimulation Emission of Radiation; treat skin conditions and other bodily disorders
270
phototherapy
use of natural or artificial light to treat skin conditions such as vitiligo and eczema
271
photodynamic therapy
blue-light therapy; technique used to treat damaged and precancerous skin and various cancers
272
photosensitizing drug
administered topically or by injection; incubation period followed by exposure to specific wavelength of light, when activated produce a form of oxygen that kills nearby cells, treats tumors
273
fluorouracil
topical chemotherapy cream used to treat basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis and targeting fast growing cells, causes localized irritation, redness and swelling
274
retinoids
class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A used in skin care treatment because their affection of epithelial cell growth, makes skin burn easier
275
isotretinoin
accutane; powerful pill-form retinoid to treat sever acne
276
trotinoin
active ingredient in Reint-A and Renova; used to treat sun-damaged skin, acne and wrinkles
277
topical steroids
used in treatment of various skin disorders and diseases, side effect can be thinning of skin
278
noncomedogenic
don't clog pores
279
blepharoplasty
lid lift; surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin
280
blephar/o
eyelid
281
botox
small, sterile doses are injected into muscles on forehead to temporarily block nerve signals, reduction frown lines, therapeutic to treat migraines, overactive bladder, strabismus and muscle spasms, lasts 3-4 months
282
collagen replacement therapy
soft-tissue augmentation to soften facial lines or scars and make lips appear fuller, boosts natural supply of collagen, last 3-12 months
283
electrolysis
use of electrical current to destroy hair follicles in order to produce relatively permanent hair removal
284
electr/o
electric
285
-lysis
destruction
286
laser hair removal
use of lasers to damage hair follicles to produce relatively permanent hair removal
287
lipectomy
surgical removal of fat from beneath skin to improve physical appearance
288
liposuction
suction-assisted lipectomy; surgical removal of fat from beneath skin with aid of suction
289
rhytidectomy
facelift; surgical removal of excess skin and fat from face to eliminate wrinkles
290
rhytid
wrinkles
291
sclerotherapy
treatment of spider veins by infecting saline sclerosing solution into vein, irritates tissue, veins collapse and disappear
292
spider veins
small, non-essential veins that can be seen through skin, often on legs
