Chapter 12

Question 1

What are endogamy and exogamy?

Answer 1

Endogamy: Marrying within one’s social group.

Exogamy: Marrying outside one’s social group.

Question 2

What are homogamy and heterogamy?

Answer 2

Homogamy: Marrying someone with similar characteristics.

Heterogamy: Marrying someone with different characteristics.

Question 3

What is the incest taboo?

Answer 3

A cultural rule that forbids sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives.

Question 4

What is cohabitation?

Answer 4

Living together in a romantic relationship without being married.

Question 5

What are some consequences and patterns of cohabitation?

Answer 5

Higher likelihood of divorce if married later, more common in urban areas, and among younger adults.

Question 6

What are the outcomes of military marriages and divorce?

Answer 6

Often strained by deployment and relocation; higher divorce rates in some cases.

Question 7

How did marriage and divorce rates change after WWII?

Answer 7

Marriage rates spiked; divorce rates later increased with social change and women’s independence.

Question 8

What is the “second shift”?

Answer 8

The unpaid household labor and caregiving work women do in addition to paid employment.

Question 9

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest single-parent household rates?

Answer 9

African American communities tend to have higher rates of single-parent households.

Question 10

Define polygamy, polygyny, polyandry, bigamy, monogamy, serial monogamy.

Answer 10

Polygamy: Multiple spouses

Polygyny: One man, multiple wives

Polyandry: One woman, multiple husbands

Bigamy: Being married to two people at once illegally

Monogamy: One spouse at a time

Serial monogamy: Multiple monogamous marriages over a lifetime

Question 11

What are kinship patterns?

Answer 11

Patrilineal descent: Tracing family through father’s side

Matrilineal descent: Through mother’s side

Bilateral descent: Through both sides

Question 12

Authority patterns in families?

Answer 12

Patriarchal: Male-led

Matriarchal: Female-led

Egalitarian: Equal power

Question 13

Types of families?

Answer 13

Extended family: Includes relatives beyond nuclear family

Nuclear family: Parents and children only

Familism: Emphasis on family loyalty and unity

Machismo: Male dominance and pride in family

Question 14

Theoretical perspectives on family?

Answer 14

Functionalist: Family maintains social stability

Conflict: Family reinforces social inequality

Interactionist: Looks at daily family interactions

Feminist: Examines gender roles and power in family