Chapter 12

Question 0

Anatomy-

Answer 0

The study of the body’s structure

Question 1

Gladiator-

Answer 1

In ancient Rome, a person who fought people or animals for public entertainment

Question 2

Vault-

Answer 2

A curved ceiling made of arches

Question 3

Satire-

Answer 3

verse or prose that pokes fun at human weakness

Question 4

Ode-

Answer 4

A lyric poem that expresses strong emotion about life

Question 5

Reforms-

Answer 5

Changes to bring about improvement

Question 6

Mosaic-

Answer 6

Motifs or images created by an arrangement of colored glass or stone

Question 7

Saint-

Answer 7

A Christian holy person

Question 8

Where did most Romans live?

Answer 8

Cities

Question 9

Where did the emperor live?

Answer 9

A large palace on the top of a hill in Rome. At the foot of the hill was the Forum, or marketplace.

Question 10

What happened in the Forum?

Answer 10

Romans shopped for food and luxury items, played games, and met up with friends

Question 11

What surrounded the Forum?

Answer 11

Temples and public buildings

Question 12

Where did wealthy Romans live?

Answer 12

They had homes built on hills in the city, which had marble walls and floors and running water. They had large country homes called villas.

Question 13

Where did poor Romans live?

Answer 13

Unsafe wooden apartment buildings that were 6 or 7 floors tall. They often collapsed or caught fire.

Question 14

What events were offered in “bread and circuses”?

Answer 14

Chariot races and gladiator fights

Question 15

What were the roles of the people in the Roman family?

Answer 15

Fathers worked and made the final decisions of the house. The role of the mother was varied from class to class (talked about in next card) Wealthy sons went to schools outside the home, but girls and poorer boys were taught at home. Girls learned to run a household and boys were taught their father’s trade.

Question 16

What was life like for Roman women?

Answer 16

Roman women were not citizens, but their rights depended on their wealth. Wealthy women had slaves to take care of children and do housework, so they could study art and literature and go to gladiator fights. A few women even ran independent businesses. Poorer women ran the household and helped her husband in his work.

Question 17

When did children become adults?

Answer 17

At 15, a Roman boy would leave the household and burn all his toys to the gods. Then they could work in the family business or join the army. Girls were considered adults when they were married around age 15.

Question 18

Was slavery common in Rome?

Answer 18

Slavery was very common. Slaves worked in homes, harvested crops, mined ore, and worked on building projects. Life was miserable and a slave could never earn their freedom.

Question 19

What was the biggest slave rebellion?

Answer 19

A gladiator named Spartacus led a slave rebellion of 70,000 in 73 B.C. The Roman army crushed the rebellion. Spartacus was killed in battle and 6,000 of the rebels were killed by crucifixtion.

Question 20

What was the Roman religion?

Answer 20

The Romans took their religion from the Greeks, but changed the names of the gods. Emperors were also named gods.

Question 21

Who was Galen?

Answer 21

Galen was a Roman doctor who introduced anatomy. Doctors around the world studied his work for 1,500 years after he lived.

Question 22

What were some Roman architecture inventions?

Answer 22

The Romans invented the vault and concrete.

Question 23

What were some Roman literature inventions?

Answer 23

Roman playwrights invented satires. They were not afraid to poke fun at the gods, political leaders, and heroes.

Question 24

Who was Horace?

Answer 24

A Roman playwright who wrote satires and odes.

Question 25

Who were Livy and Tacitus?

Answer 25

Roman historians. Livy wrote a history of Rome and praised it. Tacitus was more critical of Romans, and believed that they were losing their values. They were inspired by Herodotus.

Question 26

What was the Roman language and how does it affect life today?

Answer 26

The Roman language was Latin. English, spanish, french and italian have the latin alphabet and latin-based words.

Question 27

What happened after the Pax Romana?

Answer 27

The government grew weak and there were many rebellions. There were 22 emperors in a 50 year period. The economy was also weakened. Inflation soared.

Question 28

Was Rome invaded?

Answer 28

Germanic tribes invaded in the west and Persian tribes invaded in the east.

Question 29

Who was Diocletian?

Answer 29

Diocletian was a Roman emperor who introduced many reforms. He tried to strengthen the economy by setting maximum prices for wages and goods, and ordering workers to stay at the same jobs for their whole lives.

Question 30

Did Diocletian's reforms succeed?

Answer 30

No. He had good ideas, but he was not strong enough to enforce them.

Question 31

Who was Constantine?

Answer 31

Constantine was the emperor after Diocletian. He introduced more reforms, and moved the capital to a new city called Constantinople. He introduced Christianity to the Roman empire.

Question 32

Who was Theodosius?

Answer 32

Theodosius was the empire after Constantine. He decided that after he died, the Roman empire should be split into 2 parts and be separate empires.

Question 33

How did Germanic tribes affect the Western Roman empire?

Answer 33

The Visigoths asked for help from the Romans, and then rebelled and won. They captured and looted Rome. The Vandals looted and destroyed Rome.

Question 34

How did the Western Roman empire end?

Answer 34

A Germanic general named Odoacer was able to overthrow the Roman government. There were no more Roman emperors. After some infighting, they set a new empire.

Question 35

What did the Eastern Roman empire become known as?

Answer 35

The Byzantine Empire

Question 36

How did Byzantine culture develop?

Answer 36

The Byzantines based their culture off of Greece and Rome, and allowed other cultures to move in. This mix of cultures became the Byzantine culture.

Question 37

Who was Justinian?

Answer 37

Justinian ruled the Byzantine empire at the height of its power. He made reforms to law and education, advanced Byzantine art and architecture, and expanded the empire.

Question 38

Who was Theodora and why was she important?

Answer 38

Theodora was Justinian's wife. She inspired reforms to increase women's rights, and advised Justinian during a rebellion. Following her advice, Justinian ended the rebellion. Her advice saved the Byzantine empire.

Question 39

What were Justinian's reforms to law?

Answer 39

Justinian rearranged the confusing Byzantine law into Justinian's Code, which is the basis for many modern legal systems.

Question 40

How did Justinian change Byzantine architecture?

Answer 40

Justinian ordered construction of churches, forts, and government buildings, including the Hagia Sophia church.

Question 41

How did Justinian reform education?

Answer 41

He expanded schools and the amount of subjects offered to boys. Girls did not attend school.

Question 42

How did Justinian expand the empire?

Answer 42

Justinian expanded the calvary, and won territory from Spain to Persia, and as far south as Northern Africa. Most of this territory was lost after Justinian's death.

Question 43

Why did Justinian die?

Answer 43

A plague, most likely early forms of the bubonic plague, swept through the Byzantine empire. The plague killed millions of people, including Justinian.