Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Organic Chemistry > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

(102 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. compounds from living organisms

A

organic chemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

prop-

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

hept-

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

10

A

dec-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

type of stereoisomers. isomers with the same molecular and structual formulas but different orientations of atoms in space because of restricted rotation arout bonds. there is no free rotation

cis=on the same side

trans=across from

A

cis-trans isomers / geometric isomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

nonflammable solvents. refrigerants, propellants. can be toxic (CFCs/freons)

A

physical properties of halogenated methanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

arrangement where atoms are lined up. high energy state because the atoms can bump into each other. not an isomer

A

eclipsed conformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CHCl3

A

chloroform, toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

structural formula that uses grouping of atoms to show molecular structural information. in this, the central atoms and atoms connected to it are written as a group

A

condensed structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen (usually from air) that creates heat and light (as a flame). Products are CO2, H2O and heat

A

combustion reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

type of constitutional isomer. differs in the placement of functional group

A

positional isomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

condensed structural formula

A

structural formula that uses grouping of atoms to show molecular structural information. in this, the central atoms and atoms connected to it are written as a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

6

A

hex-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

physical properties of halogenated methanes

A

nonflammable solvents. refrigerants, propellants. can be toxic (CFCs/freons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

substitution reaction

A

chemical reaction where a small reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms on a hyrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3

A

prop-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

line-angle structural formula

A

structural formula where a line represents a C-C bond and a C atom is present at every point where 2 lines meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

halogenated alkane / alkyl halids

A

an alkane derivative where one ore more halogen atoms are present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a cycloalkane derivative where one ore more halogen atoms are present

A

halogenated cycloalkane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

8

A

oct-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

branched-chain alkane

A

an alkane where one or more branches (of C atoms) are attached to a continuous chain of C atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

structural formula

A

two-dimensional structural representation that shows how the various atoms in a molecule are bonded to each other. 2 types: expanded and condensed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the specific 3 dimensional arrangement of atoms at a given instant that result from rotations about C-C single bonds

in cycloalkanes, no free rotation. there is “puckering” that can cause eclipsed or staggered

A

conformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

structural formula that shows all atoms in a molecule and all bonds connecting the atoms

A

expanded structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
1
meth-
17
4
but-
18
eth-
2
18
chloroform, toxic
CHCl3
19
isomers that differ in the connectivity of atoms (the order in which atoms are attached to each other within molecules). 2 types: skeletal and positional
constitutional isomers
20
hydrocarbon
a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms
20
skeletal isomer
type of constitutional isomer. the C chain is different
21
chlorofluorocarbons / freons / CFCs
used as refrigerant or propellant. they floated to stratosphere and destroy the ozone layer
22
an alkane derivative where one ore more halogen atoms are present
halogenated alkane / alkyl halids
24
an atom or group of atoms attached to a chain or ring of carbon atoms
substituent
25
unsaturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon where all C-C bonds are multiple bonds
27
an alkane where all carbon atoms are connected in a continuous nonbranching chain
continuous-chain alkane
27
oct-
8
28
7
hept-
29
methylene chloride, used as solvent in labs
CH2Cl2
30
used as refrigerant or propellant. they floated to stratosphere and destroy the ozone layer
chlorofluorocarbons / freons / CFCs
31
saturated hydrocarbon with an acyclic carbon atom arrangement. the number of H present are always twice the number of C atoms plus 2 more. e.g. methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8). always end in -ane
alkane
32
arrangement with atoms that are not lined up. low energy state. not an isomer
staggered conformation
34
substituents in branched-chain alkanes. group of atoms that would be obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane. always ends in -yl
alkyl group
35
staggered conformation
arrangement with atoms that are not lined up. low energy state. not an isomer
37
two-dimensional structural representation that shows how the various atoms in a molecule are bonded to each other. 2 types: expanded and condensed
structural formula
39
alkyl group
substituents in branched-chain alkanes. group of atoms that would be obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane. always ends in -yl
39
9
non-
40
type of constitutional isomer. the C chain is different
skeletal isomer
42
structural formulas that omit the hydrogen atom. shows only the arrangement and bonding of carbon atoms present but does not show the H attached to the C atoms. We still know that each C must have enough H atoms attached to it to give the C 4 bonds
skeletal structural formula
43
conformation
the specific 3 dimensional arrangement of atoms at a given instant that result from rotations about C-C single bonds in cycloalkanes, no free rotation. there is "puckering" that can cause eclipsed or staggered
45
stereoisomers
isomers that have the same molecular and structural formulas but different orientations of atoms in space. one type of this is cis-trans isomers
47
hex-
6
47
cis-trans isomers / geometric isomers
type of stereoisomers. isomers with the same molecular and structual formulas but different orientations of atoms in space because of restricted rotation arout bonds. there is no free rotation cis=on the same side trans=across from
49
meth-
1
50
tertiary carbon atom
a carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly bonded to three other carbon atoms
51
physical properties of alkyl halides
boiling point higher than alkanes. density greater than water (sinks). not soluble in water
53
physiological effects of alkanes
depends on C number. 1-4 C are nontoxic, odorless but explosive when mixed with air. 5-8 C are nonpolar liquids, fatsoluble, dries out skin and damages cell membranes and flammable. 25-30 C are mineral oil and solid alkanes and protect skin from drying out
54
physical properties of alkanes
insoluble in water, density less than water. boiling point vaires by C number and branching. at room temp, 1-4 C is gas, 5-17 C is liquid and 17+ C is solid. branching lowers boiling point. cyclo alkanes have higher boiling point
55
boiling point higher than alkanes. density greater than water (sinks). not soluble in water
physical properties of alkyl halides
56
structural formula where a line represents a C-C bond and a C atom is present at every point where 2 lines meet
line-angle structural formula
58
skeletal structural formula
structural formulas that omit the hydrogen atom. shows only the arrangement and bonding of carbon atoms present but does not show the H attached to the C atoms. We still know that each C must have enough H atoms attached to it to give the C 4 bonds
59
an alkane where one or more branches (of C atoms) are attached to a continuous chain of C atoms
branched-chain alkane
60
depends on C number. 1-4 C are nontoxic, odorless but explosive when mixed with air. 5-8 C are nonpolar liquids, fatsoluble, dries out skin and damages cell membranes and flammable. 25-30 C are mineral oil and solid alkanes and protect skin from drying out
physiological effects of alkanes
61
alkane
saturated hydrocarbon with an acyclic carbon atom arrangement. the number of H present are always twice the number of C atoms plus 2 more. e.g. methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8). always end in -ane
62
a hydrocarbon where all C-C bonds are single bonds. has as many H as possible. 2 types: cyclic and acyclic
saturated hydrocarbon
64
non-
9
65
a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and one or more additional elements (O, N, S, P, F, Cl, Br)
hydrocarbon derivative
66
pent-
5
67
isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but the arrangement of atoms is different. these are different compounds with different properties. begins in alkanes with 4 or more C atoms. one reason there is so many organic compounds
68
free radical
unpaired electron, very reactive. occurs in halogenation
69
insoluble in water, density less than water. boiling point vaires by C number and branching. at room temp, 1-4 C is gas, 5-17 C is liquid and 17+ C is solid. branching lowers boiling point. cyclo alkanes have higher boiling point
physical properties of alkanes
70
substituent
an atom or group of atoms attached to a chain or ring of carbon atoms
71
study of all substances other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives. compounds from obtained from minerals constituents
inorganic chemistry
72
a saturated hydrocarbon where C atoms attach to one another in a cyclic (ring) arrangement. twice as many H as C
cycloalkane
73
combustion reaction
chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen (usually from air) that creates heat and light (as a flame). Products are CO2, H2O and heat
74
eclipsed conformation
arrangement where atoms are lined up. high energy state because the atoms can bump into each other. not an isomer
75
secondary carbon atom
a carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly bonded to two other carbon atoms
76
inorganic chemistry
study of all substances other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives. compounds from obtained from minerals constituents
77
a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms
hydrocarbon
78
constitutional isomers
isomers that differ in the connectivity of atoms (the order in which atoms are attached to each other within molecules). 2 types: skeletal and positional
79
saturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon where all C-C bonds are single bonds. has as many H as possible. 2 types: cyclic and acyclic
80
primary carbon atoms
a carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly bonded to one other carbon atom
81
hydrocarbon derivative
a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and one or more additional elements (O, N, S, P, F, Cl, Br)
82
organic chemistry
study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. compounds from living organisms
83
dec-
10
84
continuous-chain alkane
an alkane where all carbon atoms are connected in a continuous nonbranching chain
85
compounds with the same molecular formula but the arrangement of atoms is different. these are different compounds with different properties. begins in alkanes with 4 or more C atoms. one reason there is so many organic compounds
isomers
87
halogenated cycloalkane
a cycloalkane derivative where one ore more halogen atoms are present
88
isomers that have the same molecular and structural formulas but different orientations of atoms in space. one type of this is cis-trans isomers
stereoisomers
89
positional isomer
type of constitutional isomer. differs in the placement of functional group
90
expanded structural formula
structural formula that shows all atoms in a molecule and all bonds connecting the atoms
92
chemical reaction between a substance and a halogen where one or more halogens (usually Cl or Br) are incorporated into molecules of the substance. a type of substitution reaction
halogenation reaction
93
but-
4
93
halogenation reaction
chemical reaction between a substance and a halogen where one or more halogens (usually Cl or Br) are incorporated into molecules of the substance. a type of substitution reaction
94
a hydrocarbon where all C-C bonds are multiple bonds
unsaturated hydrocarbon
95
chemical reaction where a small reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms on a hyrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative
substitution reaction
97
unpaired electron, very reactive. occurs in halogenation
free radical
98
quaternary carbon atom
a carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly bonded to four other carbon atoms
99
cycloalkane
a saturated hydrocarbon where C atoms attach to one another in a cyclic (ring) arrangement. twice as many H as C
100
5
pent-
101
2
eth-
102
CH2Cl2
methylene chloride, used as solvent in labs

Organic Chemistry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions