study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. compounds from living organisms
organic chemistry
prop-
3
hept-
7
10
dec-
type of stereoisomers. isomers with the same molecular and structual formulas but different orientations of atoms in space because of restricted rotation arout bonds. there is no free rotation
cis=on the same side
trans=across from
cis-trans isomers / geometric isomers
nonflammable solvents. refrigerants, propellants. can be toxic (CFCs/freons)
physical properties of halogenated methanes
arrangement where atoms are lined up. high energy state because the atoms can bump into each other. not an isomer
eclipsed conformation
CHCl3
chloroform, toxic
structural formula that uses grouping of atoms to show molecular structural information. in this, the central atoms and atoms connected to it are written as a group
condensed structural formula
chemical reaction between a substance and oxygen (usually from air) that creates heat and light (as a flame). Products are CO2, H2O and heat
combustion reaction
type of constitutional isomer. differs in the placement of functional group
positional isomer
condensed structural formula
structural formula that uses grouping of atoms to show molecular structural information. in this, the central atoms and atoms connected to it are written as a group
6
hex-
physical properties of halogenated methanes
nonflammable solvents. refrigerants, propellants. can be toxic (CFCs/freons)
substitution reaction
chemical reaction where a small reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms on a hyrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative
3
prop-
line-angle structural formula
structural formula where a line represents a C-C bond and a C atom is present at every point where 2 lines meet
halogenated alkane / alkyl halids
an alkane derivative where one ore more halogen atoms are present
a cycloalkane derivative where one ore more halogen atoms are present
halogenated cycloalkane
8
oct-
branched-chain alkane
an alkane where one or more branches (of C atoms) are attached to a continuous chain of C atoms
structural formula
two-dimensional structural representation that shows how the various atoms in a molecule are bonded to each other. 2 types: expanded and condensed
the specific 3 dimensional arrangement of atoms at a given instant that result from rotations about C-C single bonds
in cycloalkanes, no free rotation. there is "puckering" that can cause eclipsed or staggered
conformation
structural formula that shows all atoms in a molecule and all bonds connecting the atoms
expanded structural formula
1
meth-
4
but-
eth-
2
chloroform, toxic
CHCl3
isomers that differ in the connectivity of atoms (the order in which atoms are attached to each other within molecules). 2 types: skeletal and positional
constitutional isomers
hydrocarbon
a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms
