Chapter 12 - Biliary/upper gastrointestinal Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Name the three parts of the biliary system
A
liver, gallbladder, & biliary ducts
2
Q
what quadrant is the liver located in?
A
right upper
3
Q
what is the largest solid organ in the body?
A
the liver
4
Q
how much does the liver weigh?
A
3-4 pounds
5
Q
what does the liver produce?
A
bile
6
Q
where is the bile stored?
A
gallbladder
7
Q
how much bile is produced in a day?
A
about 1 quart
8
Q
name the parts of the liver
A
two major lobes - left (small) & right (large) and two minor - quadrate (b/w falciform ligament & gallbladder) & caudate (posterior), inferior vena cava
9
Q
the right & left hepatic ducts form what?
A
the common hepatic duct
10
Q
the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct form what?
A
the common bile duct
11
Q
the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct form what?
A
the hepatopancreatic duct
12
Q
what is another name for the hepatopancreatic duct?
A
sphincter of Oddi
13
Q
how long is the common bile duct?
A
7.5cm
14
Q
the width of the common bile duct is comparable to what common item?
A
a drinking straw
15
Q
where is the common bile duct located?
A
behind the superior portion of the duodenum and head of the pancreas
16
Q
the common bile duct connects with the?
A
pancreatic duct
17
Q
the common bile duct empties where?
A
the descending portion of the duodenum
18
Q
name the parts of the gallbladder
A
fundus, body, neck
19
Q
the cystic duct is how long?
A
3 to 4 cm
20
Q
the folds in the cystic duct are called?
A
spiral valve
21
Q
give the measurements of the gallbladder
A
7-10 cm long & 3 cm wide
22
Q
how much bile does the gallbladder contain?
A
30-40 cc’s
23
Q
what is the function of the gallbladder?
A
store bile
24
Q
how is bile concentrated?
A
as a result of hydrolysis
25
what is hydrolysis?
removal of water (h2o)
26
CCK
cholecystokinin - hormone
27
can you see the gallbladder on an x-ray?
no - need contrast. can see calcium stones
28
another name for the region of duodenum papilla
papilla of Vator
29
what is the best way to visualize the gallbladder?
ultrasound
30
oral cholecystogram (ocg) 4 reasons to have one
nausea, heartburn, vomiting, & right side pain.
31
what forms gallstones?
calcium
32
who is at greater risk of getting gallstones?
women
33
what is milk calcium bile?
sediment, mush
34
how is milk calcium bile best demonstrated?
right lateral decub, to see sediment
35
why is ultrasound better to visualize the gallbladder?
no contrast, no radiation, less prep time, & detection of small calculi
36
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram
37
what is ERCP for?
a scope is inserted from mouth, esophagus, stomach, & duodenum. a dye is injected to check for stones, tumors, & narrowing of bile ducts.
38
T-tube Cholangiography
once the gallbladder is removed, a t-tube is inserted in the biliary tree to look for lodged stones.
39
what position should you be in to best see the gallbladder?
prone
40
what position should you be in to assist with drainage of the gallbladder into the duct system?
supine
41
what does the LAO position of the gallbladder demonstrate?
cystic duct, neck, body, & fundus
42
what are the parts of the alimentary canal of the digestive system?
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine & anus
43
what are the accessory organs of the digestive system?
salivary glands, pancreas, liver, & gallbladder
44
what are the three primary functions of the digestive system
intake or digestion of food, absorb digested food particles, & elimination of unused material
45
parts of the mouth - oral cavity
upper & lower teeth, tongue, hard & soft palate, uvula, pharynx
46
what is another name for chewing?
mastication
47
name the three glands of the oral cavity
parotid (near the ear-largest), submandibular (also submaxillary (below mandible/maxilla), & sublingual (below the tongue)
48
the act of swallowing is called?
deglutition
49
how long is the pharynx?
12.5 cm
50
name the three parts of the pharynx
the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, & the laryngopharynx
51
what is the job of the epiglottis?
a membrane-covered cartilage that moves down to cover the opening of the larynx during swallowing
52
what is the dimentions of the esophagus?
25cm (10 inch) long & 2 cm (1 inch) wide
53
the esophagus is located where?
posterior to the level of the lower border of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx. (C5 to C6)
54
where does the esophagus terminate?
it's connection to the stomach, at the level of the eleventh thoracic vertebra (T11)
55
where are the two indentations of the esophagus located?
one at the aortic arch & the second where the esophagus crosses the left primary bronchus
56
the segment of the esophagus below the diaphragm is termed?
cardiac antrum
57
what is the opening between the esophagus and the stomach called?
esophagogastric junction
58
chewed solid material is called?
bolus
59
what two organ is the stomach located between?
the esophagus & the small intestine
60
what is the greek word for stomach?
gaster
61
what is the two names for the opening between the esophagus and the stomach?
esophagogastric junction & cardiac orifice
62
the cardiac orifice is the common name for the esophagogastric function why?
refers to the relationship of this orifice to the portion of the diaphragm near the heart, on which the heart rests.
63
slightly superior to the esophagogastric junction is the?
cardiac notch
64
the three parts of the stomach is?
fundus, body, & pylorus
65
the pylorus is divided into three sections, what are they?
pyloric canal, antrum, & portion
66
the pyloric orifice dumps the stomach contents into what organ
first part of the duodenum
67
what border is the lesser curvature found?
medial border
68
what border is the greater curvature found?
lateral border
69
what is another name for the body of the stomach?
corpus
70
what is rugae?
folds in the stomach which aid in digestion by increasing stomach size and streamline fluids to the pylorus.
71
air is what color?
black
72
barium is what color?
white
73
AP Supine, barium fills what part of the stomach?
fundus & pylorus
74
Prone (RAO) barium fills what part of the stomach?
the body
75
Erect, barium fills what part of the stomach?
body & pylorus
76
the duodenum is part of what system?
the upper GI
77
the duodenum is the smallest of the small intestines, about how long is the duodenum?
8-10 inches long
78
the C-loop hugs what?
the head of the pancrease
79
the head of the pancreas nestled in the C-loop is called what?
the "romance of the abdomen"
80
name the four parts of the duodenum.
first - superior, second - descending, third - horizontal, fourth - ascending
81
what section of the duodenum receives the common bile & pancreatic ducts?
the second, is also the longest section
82
the fourth section of the duodenum ends at what flexure?
duodenaljejunal flexure
83
the duodenojejunal flexure is held in place by what?
the suspensory ligament of duodenum - also called the ligament of Treitz
84
what is two other names of the superior portion of the first part of the duodenum?
duodenal bulb or cap
85
the opening in the second section of the duodenum for the common bile & pancreatic ducts is called?
duodenal papilla
86
digestion is what kind of process?
mechanical process with a chemical component
87
what is the name of the mixture of food and liquid in the stomach?
chyme
88
rhythmic segmentation does what?
mixes food & digestive juices of the small intestines thoroughly.
89
what is chemical digestion?
all the chemical changes that food undergoes as it travels through the alimentary canal.
90
the six classes of substances ingested are?
carbs (complex sugars), proteins, lipids (fats), vitamins, minerals, & water
91
what three substances must by chemically digested?
carbs, proteins, & lipids
92
what is the end product of carbs?
simple sugars
93
what is the end product of protein?
amino acids
94
what is the end product of lipids?
fatty acids & glycerol
95
radioloucent contrast means what?
negative contrast - air, CO2, & gas crystals
96
what kind of crystals are used to produce gas bubbles?
calcium & magnesium citrate
97
radiopaque contrast means what?
positive contrast - barium sulfate
98
what is the chemical name for barium sulfate?
BaSo4
99
colloridal suspension means what?
never dissolves in water
100
thick barium is made how?
three to four parts barium to one part water
101
thin barium is made how?
one part barium to one part water
102
where is the duodenal bulb in comparison to the ribs in a hypersthenic person?
T11 - T12
103
where is the duodenal bulb in comparison to the ribs in a hypo/asthenic person?
L3-L4
104
where is the duodenal bulb in comparison to the ribs in a sthenic person?
L1-L2
