Chapter 12 Development

Question 1

who designed Cognitive development?

Answer 1

Jean Piaget

Question 2

Embryo

Answer 2

Developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs

Question 3

Genes Control the development of systems of the human species such as….

Answer 3

Heart, circulatory system, brain, lungs

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

Parts of the chromosomes through which genetic information is transmitted. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. Humans have some 25,000 different genes.

Question 5

4 Stages of Cognitive Development

Answer 5

1. Sensorimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operations
4. Formal Operations

Question 6

what are 3 Stages of Prenatal Development?

Answer 6

Germinal, Embryonic, and Fetal Period

Question 7

Chromosomes

Answer 7

Rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information

Question 8

Placenta screens out ________

Answer 8

a # of infectious agents, but since immune system develops late, fetus is often defenseless against infections

Question 9

Genes Determines ______ by a particular combination

Answer 9

child’s sex

Question 10

Concrete 
Operational


Answer 10

7 yrs. to 12 yrs
Mental operations 
applied to 
concrete events; 
mastery of 
conservation,
 hierarchical
 classification

Question 11

What did they do to Determine the Relative Influence of Nature and Nurture? (2 experiments)

Answer 11

1. Genetically control laboratory animals and place them in varied environments
2. Identical twins: Genetically identical with different environment

Question 12

behavioral geneticists

Answer 12

Study the effects of heredity on behavior

Question 13

Gene Shape the ________ that make each human ________

Answer 13

characteristics, unique

Question 14

length of Embryonic period

Answer 14

(2) Entered by the developing individual, two weeks after conception

Question 15

what happens in Germinal period?

Answer 15

-Many zygotes rejected (20% pregnancies end w/out woman knowing conception had occurred)

-Placenta formed (o2 and nutrients passes into fetus from mothers bloodstream)

Question 16

length of Fetal period

Answer 16

2 months through birth -> rapid growth

Question 17

Preoperational

Answer 17

2 yrs. to 7 yrs.
Development 
of Symbolic 
thought marked
 by irreversibility, Centration, and egocentrism

Question 18

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

Answer 18

1.5 years -3
-Develop independence and self-doubt

Question 19

Psychosocial development (personality)

Answer 19

Development of individuals’ interactions and understanding of each other and of their knowledge and understanding of themselves as members of society

Question 20

Intimacy vs. isolation

Answer 20

Period during early adulthood that focuses on developing close relationships

Question 21

Zygote

Answer 21

New cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm

Question 22

who came up with psychosocial development?

Answer 22

Erik
 Erikson

Question 23

Nature Vs. Nurture

Answer 23

Genetic (heredity) Vs. Environmental influences

Question 24

Generativity vs. stagnation

Answer 24

Period in middle adulthood during which we take stock of our contributions to family and society

Question 25

what are Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development stages IN ORDER? * 8 stages

Answer 25

1. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 2. Initiative vs. Guilt 3. Industry vs. Inferiority 4. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt 5. Identity vs. role-confusion 6. Intimacy vs. isolation 7. Generativity vs. stagnation 8. Ego-integrity vs. despair

Question 26

One cell entity (zygote)= ____ choromosomes

Answer 26

23 pairs

Question 27

Teratogens

Answer 27

Environmental agents such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produce a birth defect

Question 28

Sensorimotor

Answer 28

birth to 2 yrs (Attachment – Harlow) Coordination 
of sensory input 
and motor 
responses; 
development 
of object 
permanence

Question 29

Ego-integrity vs. despair

Answer 29

period from late adulthood until death during which we review life’s accomplishments and failures

Question 30

Human genome project (2001)

Answer 30

scientists mapped the specific location and sequence of every human gene

Question 31

Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

Answer 31

1.5 years -3 -Develop independence and selfdoubt

Question 32

benefits of revolutionized health care?

Answer 32

1. Identification of risk factors in children 2. Development of new treatments for physical and psychological disorders

Question 33

Developmental Psychology

Answer 33

Study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life

Question 34

Life Span into 8 stages…each stage includes a _________________

Answer 34

psychosocial crisis

Question 35

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 35

school age (6 – puberty) -Develop positive social interactions

Question 36

In Embryo, _______ are clearly recognizable

Answer 36

Organs

Question 37

In Habituation,

Answer 37

Visual abilities grow rapidly after birth Distinguishing different sounds (recognizes mothers voice age of 3days!) Distinguishing taste and smell

Question 38

A child inherits an X chromosome from its _______ and EITHER an X or Y chromosome from its ________

Answer 38

mother, father

Question 39

Revolutionized health care because.....

Answer 39

Scientists identified the particular genes responsible for genetically caused disorders

Question 40

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 40

-infancy (0-1.5 years) -Develop feelings of trust or lack of trust

Question 41

what happens in Embryonic period?

Answer 41

EMBRYO -grows 10,000 x larger by 4 weeks -Most of vital organs & bodily systems begin to form= beginning to look like human *****MOST miscarriages & structural birth defects occur during this time.

Question 42

what Behaviorists thought about attachement?

Answer 42

mother associated with food & thus a conditioned reinforce

Question 43

how cognitive development started?

Answer 43

Piaget interested in intelligence in children, but WHY they got the wrong answer & how they use their intelligence.

Question 44

Habituation

Answer 44

Decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus

Question 45

Identity vs. role-confusion

Answer 45

Time in the adolescence of major testing to determine one’s unique qualities Identity- Distinguishing character of the individual: (Who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of)

Question 46

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 46

preschool years (3-6 years) -Experiences conflict between independence of action and negative results of that action

Question 47

Attachment

Answer 47

Positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual

Question 48

length of germinal period

Answer 48

(1) First 2 weeks (zygote)

Question 49

what are genes composed of?

Answer 49

sequence of DNA

Question 50

One member of each pair is from ________ and other is from ______

Answer 50

mother, father

Question 51

which period does MOST miscarriages & structural birth defects occur?

Answer 51

Embryonic period

Question 52

Formal Operations

Answer 52

12 yrs + Mental operations
applied to 
abstract ideas; 
logical, systematic 
thinking

Question 53

what is the result of the Harlow's study on attachment

Answer 53

monkeys preferred surrogate mothers covered in terry cloth when frightened even if they were fed by a wire surrogate…questioned behaviorism

Question 54

what happens in Fetal period?

Answer 54

FETUS -Fetus capable of physical movements -Sense of hearing is functional around 20-24 wks -Brain cells grow rapidly during final 3mos -Between 23-26wks fetus reaches threshold of viability age at which baby can survive a premature birth