Chapter 7 Human Memory

Question 1

xRetrieval Cues

Answer 1

A stimulus that allows us to recall more easily information that is in long-term memory

Question 2

Procedural memory of LTM

Answer 2

For skills and habits

Question 3

DECLARATIVE DIVIDED INTO (2 types)

Answer 3

Semantic memory + Episodic memory

Question 4

Primacy effect

Answer 4

items earlier on list recalled better

Question 5

How is information maintained in memory?

Answer 5

Storage

Question 6

People are ______________ of their memories

Answer 6

overconfident

Question 7

Levels of Processing

Answer 7

for verbal information, 3 progressively deeper levels of processing
which result in longer-lasting memory codes

Question 8

what are the evidence of LTM?

Answer 8

Some people with brain damage – can recall long-term but not new information

Serial position effect

Question 9

Structural Encoding

Answer 9

shallow processing emphasizes the physical structure of the stimulus (e.g., capital or lowercase letters, length, number of words)

Question 10

Which parts of the brain are involved in emotional memory

Answer 10

Amygdala

Question 11

Chunking

Answer 11

memory trick that involves taking individual elements of a large list and grouping them together into elements with related meaning

Question 12

Motivation to remember – (MTR)

Answer 12

if perceived to be important, people will exert more effort to organize information. More of an effect on recall at encoding than at retrieval.

Question 13

Amnesia

Answer 13

Memory loss that occurs without other mental difficulties

Question 14

Episodic memory (general memory)

Answer 14

For events that occur in a particular time, place, or context

Question 15

Central executive processor

Answer 15

Involved in reasoning and decision making

Question 16

How is information pulled back out of memory?

Answer 16

RETRIEVAL

Question 17

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 17

STM- Information is considered and organized in some fashion (turning it into an image, transforming it in some way)

Question 18

Self-Referent

Answer 18

(Enriching Encoding)
making material personally relevant

Question 19

Retrieval Cues

Answer 19

Stimulus that allows us to recall more easily information that is in long-term memory

Question 20

Episodic buffer

Answer 20

contains info that represents episodes and events

Question 21

Declarative memory of LTM

Answer 21

For factual information

Question 22

Enriching Encoding

Answer 22

Semantic encoding, visual Imagery, Self-Referent, Motivation to remember – (MTR)

Question 23

Role of Attention (encoding)

Answer 23

focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events…can’t pay attention to everything…need to be selective

Question 24

this memory is like a new file saved on a hard drive

Answer 24

Long-Term Memory

Question 25

Recency effect

Answer 25

items presented later on list recalled better

Question 26

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 26

Memory is lost for events that follow an injury

Question 27

Human Memory

Answer 27

the capacity to retain and retrieve information

Question 28

Rehearsal

Answer 28

Repetition of information that has entered short-term memory. Whether the transfer is made from short-term to long-term memory

Question 29

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 29

STM- Information is considered and organized in some fashion (turning it into an image, transforming it in some way)

Question 30

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 30

Memory is lost for events that follow an injury

Question 31

Phonemic Encoding

Answer 31

what a word sounds like

Question 32

Semantic Encoding

Answer 32

meaning of verbal input

Question 33

What are 3 types of memory stores

Answer 33

Sensory, Short-term, Long-term Memory

Question 34

autobiographical memory

Answer 34

the memories of significant personal events and experiences from an individual's life

Question 35

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 35

STM- Information is considered and organized in some fashion (turning it into an image, transforming it in some way)

Question 36

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 36

Memory is lost for occurrences prior to a certain event, but not for new events

Question 37

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 37

STM- Information is considered and organized in some fashion (turning it into an image, transforming it in some way)

Question 38

Recall

Answer 38

Specific piece of information must be retrieved

Question 39

Semantic networks

Answer 39

Mental representations of clusters of interconnected information

Question 40

Visual Imagery

Answer 40

(Enriching Encoding) some words are easier to visualize (running) than others (truth)

Question 41

Mnemonics

Answer 41

Organizing information in a way that makes it more likely to be remembered

Question 42

which parts of the brain are involved in factual memory?

Answer 42

Hippocampus

Question 43

Serial position effect

Answer 43

LTM- Ability to recall information in a list depends on where in the list an item appears

Question 44

Sensory memory

Answer 44

Initial, momentary storage of information, lasting only an instant/ brief moment

Question 45

Long-Term Memory

Answer 45

A storehouse of almost unlimited capacity that we can retrieve when we need it

Question 46

Semantic encoding

Answer 46

enhanced through elaboration- linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding

Question 47

Hindsight bias

Answer 47

tendency to mold one’s interpretation of the past to fit how events actually turned out

Question 48

Short-term memory

Answer 48

-Holds information for 15 to 25 seconds if it's unrehearsed -Repetitive Rehearsal needed -If we are to make sense of it & retain it, it must be transferred to STM

Question 49

Recognition

Answer 49

Occurs when one is presented with a stimulus and asked whether he/she has been exposed to it previously, or is asked to identify it from a list of alternatives

Question 50

Set of temporary memory stores ____________

Answer 50

actively manipulate and rehearse information

Question 51

Semantic memory (personal Knowledge)

Answer 51

For general knowledge, facts about the world and rules of logic

Question 52

How does information get into memory?

Answer 52

(ENCODING)

Question 53

What are Sensory Memories