Chapter 6 Learning

Question 1

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 1

Add something (rewards) to increase behavior

Question 2

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 2

Salivation to Bell

Question 3

Who designed Classical conditioning?

Answer 3

Pavlov- Russian Physiologist

Question 4

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 4

Bell -> no response

Question 5

What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Answer 5

classical conditioning -associates involuntary behavior
operant conditioning- associates voluntary action with a consequence

Question 6

Fixed-Ratio (FR)

Answer 6

-Lower resistance 
to extinction
-Reinforcement is given after action is completed a fixed amount of times
ex. getting money for each test u getting an A

Question 7

Secondary Reinforcers

Answer 7

events that acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers (e.g., grades, money, applause)

Question 8

Which schedule of reinforcement is this?

Answer 8

Variable-interval (VI)

Question 9

Which schedule of reinforcement is this?

Answer 9

Variable-Ratio (VR)

Question 10

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 10

FOOD
with Unconditioned Response = Salivation

Question 11

Who came up with Observational Learning (AKA Modeling)

Answer 11

Bandura

Question 12

Positive Punishment

Answer 12

add something don’t like to decrease the behavior

Question 13

Variable-ratio (VR)

Answer 13

-Higher resistance 
to extinction
-Reinforcement is given after action is completed a fixed amount of times
ex. gambling

Question 14

Continuous reinforcement of operant conditioning

Answer 14

occurs when every instance of a designated response is reinforced…good for starting a new response

Question 15

Primary Reinforcers

Answer 15

events that are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs (e.g., food, water, sex)

Question 16

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 16

Take away/ remove something u do not want to increase the behavior

Question 17

Observational Learning (AKA Modeling)

Answer 17

both classical and operant conditioning can take place “vicariously” through observational learning

Question 18

Which schedule of reinforcement is this?

Answer 18

Fixed-interval (FI)

Question 19

Which schedule of reinforcement is this?

Answer 19

Fixed-Ratio (FR)

Question 20

Negative Punishment

Answer 20

Remove something they like to decrease behavior

Question 21

Learning

Answer 21

ANY relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience

Question 22

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Answer 22

Salivation to food

Question 23

Fixed Interval (FI)

Answer 23

-Lower resistance 
to extinction
-Reinforcement is given after a fixed pd. of time if action is completed
ex.Black Friday

Question 24

Variable-interval (VI)

Answer 24

-Higher resistance 
to extinction
-Reinforcement given after varying period of time if action is completed

Question 25

What was the bobo dolls experiment?

Answer 25

Observational Learning; a team of researchers who physically and verbally abused an inflatable doll in front of preschool-age children, which led the children to later mimic the behavior of the adults by attacking the doll in the same fashion.

Question 26

What is Classical Conditioning?

Answer 26

type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus

Question 27

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 27

BELL with Conditioned response= Salivation to Bell

Question 28

Who designed Operant Conditioning?

Answer 28

Thorndike and Skinner