Chapter 12 - How intelligence tests are used

Question 1

Stanford-Binet Test

Answer 1

used to compute overall measure of IQ, assess fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory, ability to compare verbal and non-verbal performance

Question 2

Wechsler Test

Answer 2

contains measures of verbal and performance intelligence
> Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence (3-7 years),
> Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (7-16 yrs)
> Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS - 16+ yrs)

Question 3

Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities

Answer 3

used to give an overall score of general intelligence (IQ), looks at working memory and executive functioning skills

Question 4

psychometric test approach

Answer 4

tests are based on findings of factor-analytic studies, looked at various psychometric properties

> tests from that approach Wechsler & Raven’s Matrices

Question 5

cognitive psychology approach

Answer 5

tests from this category highlight biological and physiological processes and aspects to intelligence

Question 6

Brain Size and Intelligence

Answer 6

generally there IS a positive positive correlation of brain volume and intelligence
> correlation is also higher for females than males!
> correlation between brain size and IQ = .33

> using MRI to examine this idea

Question 7

Elementary Cognitive tasks (ECTs)

Answer 7

simple tasks used to measure different cognitive processes (understanding stimuli, stimuli discrimination, choice, visual search, retrieval of information from short-term and long-term memory)

> Person’s intelligence measured through ECTs, based on their response times to different tasks (understanding and identifying stimuli, memorizing things)

Question 8

simultaneous processing

Answer 8

allows individuals to explore and discover relationships between components of information, integrating information leading to spatial awareness
(occipital-parietal region of the brain)

Question 9

Successive processing

Answer 9

enables to put information into serial order;
(fronto-temporal regions)

Question 10

Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) (Das & Naglieri)

Answer 10

IQ test
> assesses how knowledge is organized and accessed in the memory system
> assesses how various intellectual tasks are achieved
> test predicts achievement and looks for discrepancies between ability and achievement

Question 11

PASS (CAS)

Answer 11

system to measure IQ (planning, attention, simultaneous, successive)

Question 12

Kaufman’s ability test

Answer 12

using this test; possible to make recommendations for children on cognitive processes rather than cultural knowledge
> measures 3 aspects of intelligence
- achievement
- Simultaneous processing
- sequential processing scale

Question 13

Flynn effect

Answer 13

One of the most well-known fluctuations in intelligence testing history - continued year-on-year rise of intelligence test scores in all parts of the world

Question 14

Five main environmental areas to explain the Flynn effect

Answer 14

1. Length of schooling (not a good explanation)
2. Test-taking sophistication (does not fully explain Flynn effect)
3. Child-rearing practices and Head Start (cannot explain the Flynn effect)
4. Cultural and technological age
5. Nutrition and IQ

Question 15

Nutrition Hypothesis (Flynn effect)

Answer 15

nutrition as part of a package in which increased intelligence is part of a nurturing environment that includes increased height and lifespan, improved health, decreased rate of infant disease and better vitamin and mineral nutrition

Question 16

Cognitive Stimulation Hypothesis

Answer 16

higher intelligence scores are derived from improvements in cognitive stimulation (visual analysis intelligence, improved schooling, different parental rearing styles, better educated parents, smaller families, greater availability of educational toys