Chapter 12 Lipids

Question 1

has polar and nonpolar region

Answer 1

amphipathic

Question 2

palmitate structure

Answer 2

16C

Question 3

oleate structure

Answer 3

18C cis w9

Question 4

laurate structure

Answer 4

12C

Question 5

Myristate structure

Answer 5

14C

Question 6

Stearate structure

Answer 6

18C

Question 7

Arachidate structure

Answer 7

20C

Question 8

Behenate structure

Answer 8

22C

Question 9

Lignocerate structure

Answer 9

24C

Question 10

Palmitoleate structure

Answer 10

16C w9

Question 11

linoleate structure

Answer 11

18C w9,12

Question 12

linolenate structure

Answer 12

18C w9,12,15

Question 13

arachidonate structure

Answer 13

20C w5,8,11,14

Question 14

Longer fatty acids have (higher/lower) melting points

Answer 14

higher

Question 15

more unsaturated fatty acids have (higher/lower) melting points

Answer 15

lower

Question 16

three major types of membrane lipids

Answer 16

phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol

Question 17

phosphoglyceride structure

Answer 17

glycerol with two fatty acids and one phosphate group which is in turn bound to alcohol group. All bound by peptide bonds.

Question 18

Cause of respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 18

lack of lecithin (DPPC). Makes hard to breathe.

Question 19

sphingosine

Answer 19

18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. Can be used to make phospholipids.

Question 20

more cholesterol makes membrane (less/more) fluid

Answer 20

less

Question 21

less cholesterol makes membrane (less/more) rigid

Answer 21

less rigid

Question 22

excess cholesterol precipitates and forms ?

Answer 22

gallstones

Question 23

cholesterol is the precursor of ? (3)

Answer 23

bile salts, steroid hormones, vit D

Question 24

bile salts help to break down ?

Answer 24

lipids

Question 25

cortisol functions to ?

Answer 25

increase the glucose glucose and glycogen concentration in the body

Question 26

increases the glucose glucose and glycogen concentration in the body

Answer 26

cortisol

Question 27

? have modified their lipids to accomodate their environment

Answer 27

archaebacteria

Question 28

modifications to lipids by archaebacteria

Answer 28

ether linkage (instead of peptide), branched chain, inverted stereochemisry

Question 29

arachaebacteria environment

Answer 29

high temp, high acid, high base

Question 30

lipid saturation (increases/decreases) melting point

Answer 30

increases

Question 31

amphipathic

Answer 31

polar and nonpolar region

Question 32

phospholipids and glycolipids form ?

Answer 32

bilayers

Question 33

ionized fatty acids form?

Answer 33

micelles

Question 34

driving force of assembly of bilayers

Answer 34

hydrophobic effect

Question 35

liposome structure

Answer 35

bilayer membrane

Question 36

membrane permeability is low for ? and ? molecules

Answer 36

charged (primary factor), large

Question 37

? are responsible for transport of molecules across the membrane

Answer 37

membrane proteins

Question 38

protein stucture that spans membranes

Answer 38

alpha helix (hydrophobic and nonpolar region)

Question 39

porin structure

Answer 39

beta barrel

Question 40

since porins lack ?, they do not show hydrophobic transmembrane regions

Answer 40

hydrophobic alpha helices

Question 41

lipid signalling molecules

Answer 41

prostaglandins

Question 42

prostaglandin synthesis starts with ?

Answer 42

release of a fatty acid from a membrane lipid followed by two oxidation steps

Question 43

prostaglandin synthesis is is catalyzed by ? located in the membrane

Answer 43

prostaglandin H2 synthase

Question 44

Aspirin acetylates ser530 to ?

Answer 44

inactivate prostaglandin H2 synthase

Question 45

membrane components have ? mobility

Answer 45

lateral

Question 46

virtually all naturally occurring fatty acids are (trans/cis)

Answer 46

cis

Question 47

Na+, K+ ATPase pumps out ? and pumps in ?

Answer 47

pumps out Na+ and pumps in K+

Question 48

transmembrane helices AAs have (positve/negative) delta G

Answer 48

positive

Question 49

? is on red blod cells to increase polariy to dissolve in hydrophilic environment

Answer 49

glycophorin