Chapter 2 Protein

Question 1

proteins are linear polymers of ?

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

only (L/D) isomers are used to make proteins

Answer 2

L

Question 3

L amino acids correspond to the (S/R) configuration

Answer 3

S

Question 4

At ? pH the amino and carboxyl groups are both charged and make a zwitterion

Answer 4

neutral

Question 5

only non-chiral amino acid

Answer 5

glycine

Question 6

has pka near neutral

Answer 6

histidine, pka=6

Question 7

terminal caboxyl group pka

Answer 7

3.1

Question 8

terminal amino group pka

Answer 8

8.0

Question 9

aromatic amino acids

Answer 9

phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan

Question 10

biological polymers are attached by ? reactions

Answer 10

condensation

Question 11

Amino acid that can undergo reversible oxidation/reduction reactions to form a disulfide bonds with itself

Answer 11

cysteine

Question 12

characteristics of peptide bond

Answer 12

partial double bond, resonance, planar (essentially), primarily in trans configuration

Question 13

x-pro linages

Answer 13

cis peptide bonds are likely with proline

Question 14

In contrast to the peptide bond, bonds on either side of the ? can rotate

Answer 14

alpha carbon

Question 15

angle between alpha carbon and amine

Answer 15

phi, -80

Question 16

angle between alpha carbon and carbonyl

Answer 16

psi, +85

Question 17

phi and psi frequently called ? angles

Answer 17

Ramachandran

Question 18

alpha helix and beta sheets are a result of

Answer 18

hydrogen bonding between peptide and carbonyl groups of amino acids that are near one another in a linear sequence

Question 19

There are ? residues per right hand-turn of the alpha helix

Answer 19

3.6

Question 20

lactoferrin complexes with ? and chages shape

Answer 20

Fe

Question 21

Two Human biological buffers

Answer 21

H3PO4^-/H2PO4^2- and H2CO3/HCO3^-

Question 22

ackalosis

Answer 22

blood ph greater than 7.45

Question 23

acidosis

Answer 23

blood ph less than 7.35

Question 24

only cyclic amino acid

Answer 24

proline

Question 25

functional group in arginine

Answer 25

guanidium

Question 26

functional group in histidine

Answer 26

imidazole

Question 27

With ramachandran angles, right handed helix is present in ? quadrant

Answer 27

third, lower left

Question 28

With ramachandran angles, beta sheet is present in ? quadrant

Answer 28

second, top left

Question 29

With ramachandran angles, left handed helix is present in ? quadrant

Answer 29

first, top right

Question 30

coiled-coil protein example

Answer 30

keratins

Question 31

leucine zipper

Answer 31

heptad repeats of leucine stabilize coiled coil

Question 32

most abundant protein in mammals

Answer 32

collagen

Question 33

repeating amino acids in collagen

Answer 33

glycine, proline

Question 34

collagen structure

Answer 34

triple helix with glycine at interior

Question 35

"inside out" proteins

Answer 35

porins

Question 36

motifs

Answer 36

secondary structure elements with characteristic function

Question 37

? motif is commonly found in proteins that bind to DNA

Answer 37

helix turn helix

Question 38

a polypeptide chain may fold into two or more compact regions called ?

Answer 38

domains

Question 39

alpha helix and beta sheets are an example of ? structures

Answer 39

secondary

Question 40

? and ? can denature proteins

Answer 40

chaotropic agents and reducing reagents

Question 41

three protein denaturing reducing agents

Answer 41

beta-mercaptoethanol, urea, guanidium chloride

Question 42

beta-mercaptoethanol disrupts protein folding by ?

Answer 42

bonding with cysteine and breaking disulfide bridges

Question 43

christian anfinsen experiment

Answer 43

protein folding is an inherent part of AA sequence

Question 44

CJD, the human equivalent of mad cow disease is caused by a ?

Answer 44

prion protein

Question 45

? accumulate in alzheimer and parkinson diseases

Answer 45

amyloid fibers

Question 46

nonpolar AA mnemonic

Answer 46

Larry fought polar vanessa with guns and intricate martial arts

Question 47

polar AA mnemonic

Answer 47

santa clause quietly tiptoed halfway north yesterday

Question 48

basin AA mnemonic

Answer 48

knife rally

Question 49

acidic AA mnemonic

Answer 49

acidic doses of ecstasy