Chapter 12: Mendel's experiments and heredity Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is eugenics
the idea that a certain trait could be breeded out when that isn’t the case (random assortment)
what are pangenesis
the idea that particles called gemmules carry the trait we inherit
What was mendels contribution to biology
observed how traits were inherited through the different generations (used pea plants to demonstrate his knowledge)
Why did mendel chose the use pea plants for his studies
- had observable traits (colour, seed shape, and seed colour)
- easy to manipulate matings
- short generation times
- produced multiple offspring at once
( OMG)
what is genotype based one
genotype is based on phenotype
what is a dominant trait or allele
a trait that masks other verisons of a trait (often marked with a capitial letter)
what is recessive trait or allele
a trait that is covered by the dominant trait (often marked with a lower case letter)
what do monohybrid cross ratios suggest
suggest that hereditary particles seperate into gametes and come back together during fertilization (each gamete must have one half of parent genome)
what is trait
a characteristic in an organism
what is a phenotype
the characteristics version of a trait we can see (eye colour, hair colour)
what are alleles
specific versions of a hereditary particle (aka verisons of a genes)
what is a genotype
a specific combination of hereditary particles that are carried by an individual that cause a phenotype
what is a homozygote
when both alleles for the same trait are the same (both dominant or both recessive)
what is a heterozygote
when alleles for the same trait are different (one is a dominant and the other is recessive)
What is a zygote
the first diploid cell produced by fertilization
what is a gene
a place of the DNA strand that encodes information causing a trait to occur
what is a locus
place of interest on a chromosomes usually a gene
what is a reciprocal cross
A form of mating cross where a pervious cross is repeated but the parents exhibiting verisons of a phenotypic trait are reversed by sex
what is a wildtype of allele
The most common allele in a population (normal allele)
what is a mutant allele
a rare allele in a population, which is believed to be a result of a mutation
what is a monohybrid cross
a punnet square or crossing where the parents are both homologous (one parent is dominant homologous and the second parent is recessive homologous)
In mendelian genetics, what are the probability rules we must keep in mind
- 0: means it will not occur
- 1: is will 100% occur
(range is set up between 0 to 1)
what is incomplete dominance
a situation where both the dominant and recessive phenotypes take place
which level does incomplete dominance happen at
the transcriptional level when both traits are read
