chapter 4 cell structure and function

Question 1

what are cells

Answer 1

the building blocks of all organisms ( a basic unit)

Question 2

what are the two parameters of microscopy

Answer 2

• magnification (process of enlarger an object int appearance)
• resolution (the process of making an image more clear or detailed)

Question 3

what is the relationship between magnification and resolution

Answer 3

the larger the magnification the more resolution needed

Question 4

what are the three types of microscopes

Answer 4

• compound microscope
• transmisson electron microscope
• scanning electron microscope

Question 5

how do compound microscopes work

Answer 5

they bend visible to provide magnification (objects that are being examined are typically treated with chemical dyes)

Question 6

how do electron microscopes work

Answer 6

uses beams of electrons to display more course detail of cells

Question 7

what is cell theory

Answer 7

the underlying principal of biology

Question 8

what are the 4 components of cell theory

Answer 8

1) cells are the basic unit of life
2) all living things are made of cells
3) all cells come from preexisting cells
——> (all cells have a DNA core) minor part of the theory

Question 9

what are the 4 main components of a cell

Answer 9

1) plasma membrane: seperates the cells form its surrounding environment
2) cytoplasm: a substance that surrounds all other components of the cell
3) DNA: the genetic material of the cell
4) ribosomes: synthesizes proteins (responsible for moving mRNA, translating info, and starting amino acids)

Question 10

what two components of the four components of the cells does every living thing have

Answer 10

a plasma membrane and cytoplasm

Question 11

what are prokaryotes cells

Answer 11

single cells organisms that do not contain a nucleus and are smaller in size

Question 12

What are eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

a cell that contains a nucleus and are a little bit larger in size

Question 13

what are the characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 13

• lack membrane enclosed internal components
• most have a cell that contains peptidoglycan
• believed to be much like the first cell
• include archaea and bacteria

Question 14

What is the generalize structure of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 14

• ribosomes are freely floating in the plasma
• chromosomal DNA is localized in a nucleoid region (not a nucleus)
• the cell membrane is surrounded by a cell wall

Question 15

why are prokaryotic cells smaller than a eukaryotic cell

Answer 15

since prokaryotic cells lack modifications that aid in internal transport, the since the surface area to volume ratio in smaller it is more favourable for moving materials in and out of the cell

Question 16

in a eukaryotic cell what is the plasma membrane composed of

Answer 16

a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 17

what is the consistency of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 17

is gel like but is semi solid due to the proteins found in the water of the cytoplam

Question 18

what is a nuclear envelope

Answer 18

a double membrane that seperate DNA from cytoplasm and also seperates the transcription from translation process

Question 19

what is the structure of a nuclear envelope

Answer 19

is a membrane that has ribosomes and nuclear pore complex on the outside of it

Question 20

what is the function of the nuclear envelope

Answer 20

• connect nucleoplasm to cytoplasm
• regulate flow of molecules back and forth

Question 21

what is the nucleolus

Answer 21

a region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled from RNA and proteins

Question 22

what are ribosomes? and what are their functions

Answer 22

they are different sized subunits that are made of RNA and proteins and their functions are during protein synthesis they assemble amino acids into proteins

Question 23

what is the mitochondrion

Answer 23

a site where store energy is transformed into ATP

Question 24

what are peroxisomes and what are their functions

Answer 24

small rounded organelles enclosed by a single membrane. they break down fatty acids and amino acids and may detoxify poisons

Question 25

what are the main differences between animal and plant cells

Answer 25

• plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and other specialized plastids, and larger central vauoles
• animal cells have centrosomes and lysosomes and centrioles

Question 26

what is the number one function of all organisms

Answer 26

energy efficiency (does not want to waste energy if it’s not needed)
—–> smaller size = more efficiency