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Psychology 100 > Chapter 12 - Mental Illness > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Mental Illness Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Disorders

A

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a persons cognition, emotion regulation or behavior

- Thoughts emotions or behaviors are maladaptive or dysfunctional and are often accompanied by distress
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2
Q

DSM-V

A

a unformed system used to classify disorders which explains and lists every illness.

  • You identify the abnormal behavior and associate it with a disorder that meets the criteria
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3
Q

Critics of DSM-V

A
  • It casts too wide of a net and brings in any kind of behavior
    ○ This means that everyday life can be a symptom for a disorder
    ○ E.g. a person experiencing normal grief can be assumed having a depressive disorder
    • Labels can create stigma
      • Variability in diagnosis from field trials
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4
Q

Risks and Benefits of Labels around Psychological Disorders

A

Labels Risks:
- Can be self-fulfilling
- Makes mentally ill individuals appear violent and creates challenges in society

Label Benefits:
- Guide medical diagnosis and treatment
Help mental professionals communicate about their cases and study the causes of treatments

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5
Q

5 Axis of DMS-V

A

A1: clinical Disorders
- A measurement of all the different acute symptoms there are
- Includes anxiety attacks and manic episodes

A2: personality Disorders
- The conditions that effect intellectual ability and personality disorders

A3: General Medical Conditions
- Neurological or medical complications that stem from psychological conditions

A4: psychosocial and environmental problems
- Social sources of psychological stress
- E.g. romantic fallout, loss of employment

A5: global assessment function
- A numeric rating of a patients ability to function in general

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6
Q

Anxiety Disorder

A

characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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7
Q

Theories of Anxiety Disorders

A
  • Conditioning: when one learns to associate two or more things that occur together
    ○ Can explain how frightening events trigger phobias
    • Cognition: excessive anxiety coming from illogical, irrational thought processes
      • Biology: the impact of genetic make up and the brain in creating a predisposition towards anxieties, OCD or PTSD
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8
Q

Types of Cognitive Anxieties

A

○ Magnification: the tendency to interpret situations as far more dangerous, harmful or important than they actually are
○ All or nothing thinking: the tendency to believe that one’s performance must be perfect or the result will be a total failure
○ Overgeneralization: the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never ending pattern of defeat and failure
○ Minimization: the tendency to give little or no importance to ones successes for positive events or traits

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9
Q

Types of Anxiety Disorders: GAD

A

when individuals continually feel tense, fearful and in a state of autonomic NS arousal
- Source can be unknown

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10
Q

Types of Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorder

A

characterized by unpredictable minute long episodes of intense dread
- Source can be unknown

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11
Q

Types of Anxiety Disorders: Phobias

A

characterized by persistent, irrational fear towards an object, activity or situation

- Individuals tend to avoid triggers that arouse their fear
- A strong fear becomes  a phobia if it provokes a compelling but irrational desire to avoid the dreaded situation.
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12
Q

Types of Anxiety: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts(obsessions), actions(compulsions or both
- Becomes a disorder when obsessive thoughts persistently interfere with everyday life and causes distress

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13
Q

Types of Anxiety: PostTraumatic Stress Disorder

A

characterized by haunting memories, nightmares and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening and uncontrollable event

- Victims are people who experience a traumatic event; disaster survivors
- The higher the distress the greater the risk of PTSD
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14
Q

Mood Disorder

A

emotional extremes

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15
Q

Depressive Disorders

A

characterized by profound and persistent sadness, despair and or a decreased interest in things
- Impairs ones ability to function

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16
Q

Types of Mood Disorder: Major Depressive Disorder

A

a person experiences prolonged sense of hopelessness and lethargy
- Symptoms must occur every day and last for 2 or more weeks

17
Q

Types of Mood Disorders:
Bipolar:

A

a person alternates between the feelings of hopelessness and mania
- Risen among adolescents
- mania: unreasonable elation and hyperactivity

18
Q

Theories of Mood Disorders: Psychoanalytical

A

depression results from anger at authority figures from childhood turned inward on the self(imagined or real) internalizing as guilt, shame, self hatred and self blame

19
Q

Theories of Mood Disorders: Biological

A

look at the function of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine systems in the brain

19
Q

Theories of Mood Disorders: Behavioral perspective

A

a learned theory which links depression to learned helplessness
○ Individuals view themselves as helplessness to escape a situation and experience negative moods

19
Q

Theories of Mood Disorder: Cognitive

A

disturbed or illogical thinking

20
Q

Personality Disorder and characteristics:

A

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Characteristics of Personality Disorder:
- Withdrawal or avoidance of social contact
- Insecurity
- Instability
- Manipulative behaviors

21
Q

Theories for Personality Disorders: Psychoanalytical

A

blame is due to an inadequate resolution to the oedipal complex resulting in a poorly developed superego

22
Q

Theories for Personality Disorders: Cognitive

A

set of learned behaviors that have become maladaptive which are learned early on in life
○ Viewed as illogical

22
Q

Theories for Personality Disorders: Biological

A

results from lower than normal stress hormones

23
Q

Theories for Personality Disorders: Sociocultural

A

disturbances in the family, child abuse, child neglect and overly strict or protective parents.

24
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

lack of conscience for wrongdoing even towards friends and family members
- Low EQ
- People can be aggressive and ruthless or clever con artists
- Aka sociopaths or psychopaths

25
Q

Two Types of Antisocial Personality Disorders

A
  • Psychopaths: people who are incapable of empathy and forming loving relationships but they can pretend and they have no moral compass so do not feel guilt.
    - Born this way, nature argument
    • Sociopaths: people who are capable of empathy and guilt and are usually impulsive, hot tempered and erratic
      • Created due to traumatic experience, nurture argument
26
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder:

A

a mental illness centering on the inability to manage emotions effectively occurring in the context of relationships

- Begins adolescence or early adulthood Loss neglect, bullying and forms of abuse can also lead to the development of BPD
27
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

extreme social inhibition and social avoidance due to feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to criticism

- Stem from fear of rejection or disapproval
- Preoccupied with criticism or rejection in social situations
- Views themselves as socially inept or inferior to others
28
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorders

A

individual exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
- Aka multiple personality disorder
- Original personality denies any awareness of the other(s)

29
Q

Schizophrenia

A

a disease where the mind has suffered a split from reality and manifests itself through delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and or inappropriate emotional expressions
- Victims can display both positive and negative symptoms:
○ Positive symptoms add
○ Negative symptoms take away

30
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia:

A
  • Disturbed Perceptions and Beliefs
  • Disorganized Speech
  • Diminished and inappropriate Emotions and Actions
31
Q

Types of Schizophrenia

A
  • Paranoid: preoccupation with delusions
    • Disorganized: disorganized speech or behavior or inappropriate emotions
    • Catatonic: immobility or excessive purposeless movement
      • Undifferentiated: many and varied symptoms(two or more of the above symptoms)
32
Q

Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nerosa

A

when people maintain a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight
- The fear of being fat and begins often with dieting that doesn’t stop

33
Q

Eating Disorders: Bulimia Nervosa

A

person alternates binge eating with purging or fasting

34
Q

Eating Disorders: Binge Eating Disorders

A

significant binge eating followed by distress, disgust or guilt but without the purging or fasting

Psychology 100 (12 decks)

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