Chapter 12 - Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

The process by which medication’s travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream

Question 2

Action

Answer 2

The therapeutic effect of a medication on the body

Question 3

Adverse effects

Answer 3

Any unwanted clinical results of the medication

Question 4

Agonist

Answer 4

Medication that causes stimulation of receptors

Question 5

Antagonist

Answer 5

A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications

Question 6

Antibiotic

Answer 6

A medication used to treat infections caused by a bacterium

Question 7

Anticoagulant

Answer 7

Medication that impairs the ability of blood to clot

Question 8

Antifungal

Answer 8

Medication used to treat infections caused by a fungus

Question 9

Antiplatelet

Answer 9

A medication that prevents blood platelets from clumping are sticking together

Question 10

Antipyretics

Answer 10

Medication that treat or reduce a fever

Question 11

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA)

Answer 11

A medication that this an antipyretic (reduced fever), analgesic (reduces pain), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation (clumping)

Question 12

Contraindications

Answer 12

Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm, a patient

Question 13

Dose

Answer 13

The amount of medication given on the basis of the patient’s size and age

Question 14

Duration

Answer 14

The amount of time that clinical effects of medication last

Question 15

Elimination

Answer 15

The process of removing a medication or chemical from within the body

Question 16

EMT-administered medication

Answer 16

Administration of a medication by the EMT directly to the patient

Question 17

Enteral medications

Answer 17

Medications that enter the body through the digestive system

Question 18

Epinephrine

Answer 18

The medication that increases heart rate in blood pressure, but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree

Question 19

Gel

Answer 19

A semiliquid substance that is administered orally and capsule form or through plastic tubes

Question 20

Generic name

Answer 20

The original chemical name of a medication (in contrast with one of its proprietary or trade names); the name is not capitalized

Question 21

Hypoglycemia

Answer 21

In Abidor glow and abnormally low blood glucose level

Question 22

Indications

Answer 22

The therapeutic use for a specific medication

Question 23

Inhalation

Answer 23

The active, muscular part of breathing that draws air into the airway and lungs; the medication delivery route

Question 24

Intramuscular (IM) injection

Answer 24

An injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route

Question 25

Intranasal (IN)

Answer 25

A delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a specialized atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) into the naris

Question 26

Intraosseous (IO) injection

Answer 26

An injection into the bone; a medication delivery route

Question 27

Intravenous (IV) injection

Answer 27

An injection directly into a vein; medication delivery route

Question 28

Medication

Answer 28

A substance that is used to treat or prevent diseases or relieve pain

Question 29

Medication error

Answer 29

Inappropriate use of a medication that could lead to patient harm

Question 30

Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Answer 30

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the method into the lungs

Question 31

Mucosal atomizer device (MAD)

Answer 31

A decide that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril

Question 32

Nitroglycerin

Answer 32

A medication that increases cardiac perfusion by causing blood vessels to dilate; EMTs may be allowed to assist the patient to self-administer this medication

Question 33

Onset of action

Answer 33

The amount of time from the administration of a medication to the onset of clinical effects

Question 34

Oral

Answer 34

By mouth; a medication delivery route

Question 35

Oral glucose

Answer 35

A simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream; it is carried on the EMS unit

Question 36

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications

Answer 36

Medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription

Question 37

Oxygen

Answer 37

A gas that all cells need for metabolism; the heart and brain, especially, cannot function without oxygen

Question 38

Parenteral medications

Answer 38

Medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes

Question 39

Patient-assisted medication

Answer 39

When the EMT assists the patient with the administration of his or her own medication

Question 40

Peak

Answer 40

The point or period when the maximum clinical effect of a drug is achieved

Question 41

Peer-assisted medication

Answer 41

When the EMT administers medication to himself or herself or to a partner

Question 42

Per so (PO)

Answer 42

Through the mouth; a medication delivery route; same as oral

Question 43

Per rectum (PR)

Answer 43

Through the rectum; a medication delivery route

Question 44

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 44

The process by which a medication works on the body

Question 45

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 45

The processes that the body performs on a medication, including how it is absorbed, distributed, possibly changed, and eliminated

Question 46

Pharmacology

Answer 46

The study of the properties and effects of medications

Question 47

Polypharmacy

Answer 47

The use of multiple medications on a regular basis

Question 48

Prescription medications

Answer 48

Medications that are distributed to patients only by pharmacist according to a physicians order

Question 49

Solution

Answer 49

A liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand

Question 50

Subcutaneous injection

Answer 50

Injection into the fatty tissue between the skin and muscle; a medication delivery route

Question 51

Sublingual (SL)

Answer 51

Under the tongue; medication delivery route

Question 52

Suspension

Answer 52

A mixture of down particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve

Question 53

Therapeutic effect

Answer 53

The desired or intended affect, the medication is expected to have on the body

Question 54

Topical medications

Answer 54

Lotions, creams, and ointments that are applied to the surface of the skin and affect only that area; a medication delivery route

Question 55

Trade name

Answer 55

The brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication; the name is capitalized

Question 56

Transcutaneous (transdermal)

Answer 56

Through the skin; a medication delivery rout

Question 57

Unintended effects

Answer 57

Actions that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient

Question 58

Untoward effects

Answer 58

Actions that can be harmful to the patient