Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Abnormal behavior

Answer 1

Behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time

Question 2

Deviant

Answer 2

Abnormal behavior that is deviant from what is acceptable in a culture

Question 3

Maladaptive

Answer 3

Behavior or characteristic that disrupts the person’s ability to lead a satisfying life, interfering with their ability to function effectively in the world

Question 4

Personally distressful

Answer 4

The person engaging in the behavior finds it troubling.

Question 5

Biological approach

Answer 5

Attributes psychological disorders to organic, internal causes. This perspective primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitters functioning as sources of abnormality

Question 6

Medical model

Answer 6

The view that psychological disorders are medical diseases with a biological origin

Question 7

Psychological approach

Answer 7

Emphasizes the contribution of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders

Question 8

sociocultural approach

Answer 8

Emphasizes the social contexts in which a person lives and characteristics, including gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, family relationships, and culture

Question 9

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 9

From this perspective, biological, social, and psychological factors are all significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior

Question 10

Vulnerability stress hypothesis (diathesis-stress model

Answer 10

A theory holding that preexisting conditions (genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, experiences, and so on) put an individual at risk of developing a psychological disorder

Question 11

DSM-5

Answer 11

The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5 (DSM-5), 5th ed; the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States

Question 12

ICD-10

Answer 12

Internal classification of diseases and related problems (ICD-10). Includes a chapter on mental health disorders. Created by the WHO.

Question 13

Comorbidity

Answer 13

The simultaneous presence of two or more disorders in one person. The conditions are referred to as “comorbid”

Question 14

Risk factors

Answer 14

Characteristics, experiences, or exposures that increase the likelihood that a person will develop a psychological disorder

Question 15

Psychotherapy

Answer 15

A non medical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems

Question 16

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer 16

Characterized by two key features: 1. People with ASD show persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across a variety of settings. 2. People with ASD show restrictive, repetitive behaviors, interest, and activities

Question 17

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 17

One of the most common psychological disorders of childhood, in which individuals show one or more of the following: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity

Question 18

Anxiety disorders

Answer 18

Disabling (uncontrollable and disruptive) psychological disorders that feature in motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts

Question 19

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 19

Psychological disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least 6 months, and in which the individual is unable to specify the reason for the anxiety

Question 20

Panic disorder

Answer 20

Anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onset of intense apprehension or terror, often without warning and with no specific cause

Question 21

Specific phobia

Answer 21

A psychological disorder in which an individual has an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation

Question 22

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 22

An intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations

Question 23

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 23

Disorder in which the individual has anxiety provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to preform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation

Question 24

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 24

Anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, a severely oppressive situation, cruel abuse, or a natural or unnatural disaster

Question 25

Dissociative disorders

Answer 25

Psychological disorder that involve a sudden loss of memory or change of identity due to the dissociation (seperation) of the individuals conscious awareness from previous memories, thoughts, emotions

Question 26

Dissociative amnesia

Answer 26

Dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress

Question 27

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 27

Formerly called multiple personality disorder, a dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships

Question 28

Depressive disorders

Answer 28

Mood disorders in which the individual suffers from depression-an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life

Question 29

Major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 29

Psychological disorder involving a major depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two weeks. Some symptoms include lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities, sleep dysregulation , sadness, lethargy, weight gain or loss, ect.

Question 30

Bipolar disorder

Answer 30

Mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state

Question 31

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 31

Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

Question 32

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 32

Eating disorder in which an individual (typically female) consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern

Question 33

Binge eating disorder (BED)

Answer 33

Eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food during which the person feels a lack of control over eating

Question 34

Schizophrenia

Answer 34

Severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes; individuals suffering form schizophrenia may be referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality

Question 35

Psychosis

Answer 35

A state in which a person’s perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality

Question 36

Hallucinations

Answer 36

Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli

Question 37

Delusions

Answer 37

False, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual’s culture

Question 38

Referential thinking

Answer 38

Ascribing personal meanings to completely random events

Question 39

Catatonia

Answer 39

State of immobilizes or unresponsiveness, lasting for long periods of time

Question 40

Flat affect

Answer 40

The display of little or no emotion- a common negative symptom of schizophrenia

Question 41

Personality disorders

Answer 41

Chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual’s personality

Question 42

Personality disorders

Answer 42

Chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual’s personality

Question 43

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

Answer 43

Psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit

Question 44

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

Answer 44

Psychological disorder characterized by pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts

Question 45

Biological factors in suicide

Answer 45

1. Parents or close relatives who have committed suicide. 2. Low levels of serotonin (increased chance by 10x) 3. Poor physical health

Question 46

Psychological factors in suicide

Answer 46

Psychological disorder, traumatic experiences, immediatly stressful experiences such as loss of loved one, unwanted pregnancy, or loss of employment, childhood bullying, and substance abuse

Question 47

Sociocultural factors in suicide

Answer 47

Economic hardship, poverty, native americas/Alaskan natives commit suicide at a higher rate (also have higher levels of alcohol abuse), men are more likely to die by suicide, women are more likely to make suicide attempts