Chapter 12: School Years: Cognitive Development

Question 1

Vgotsky: “child is not…”

Answer 1

a socially isolated learner

Question 2

4 LOGICAL PRINCIPLES:

Answer 2

CLASSIFICATION
IDENTIFICATION
REVERSIBILITY
RECIPROCITY

Question 3

3 Levels of Moral Reasoning

Answer 3

1. PRE-CONVENTIONAL
2. CONVENTIONAL
3. POST-CONVENTIONAL

Question 4

Pre-Conventional Reasoning

Age?
Emphasis?

Answer 4

• MIDDLE CHILDHOOD

- Reward/punishment

Question 5

Conventional Reasoning:

Age?
Emphasis?

Answer 5

• End of middle childhood, beginning of adolescence

- SOCIAL RULES

Question 6

Post-Conventional Reasoning:

Age?
Emphasis?

Answer 6

• Adolescence and adulthood

- MORAL PRINCIPLES

Question 7

3 Types of Memory

Answer 7

SENSORY MEMORY
WORKING MEMORY
LONG-TERM MEMORY

Question 8

What does our sensory memory do?

Answer 8

(sensory register)
stores incoming stimulus for split second
–>sensations become perceptions

Question 9

What does our working memory do?

Answer 9

(short-term)

• where current conscious mental activity occurs
• screening

Question 10

What does our Long-term memory do?

Answer 10

• stores information for minutes, hours, days, months, years

- relevance of info, retrieval

Question 11

Mechanisms for control processes

Answer 11

SELECTIVE ATTENTION

METACOGNITION

Question 12

Describe selective attention

Answer 12

-the ability to concentrate on relevant information & disregard distractions

Question 13

Describe how metacognition works

Answer 13

thinking about thoughts
data about the data
-older children approach cognitive tasks more strategically and analytically