Chapter 9: The Play Years: COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
Piaget believed young children were limited by:
their EGOCENTRISM : type of centration in which child sees world solely from his/her personal perspective
4 Characteristics of Piaget’s PRE-OPERATIONAL THOUGHT
(2-6 years)
- centration
- focus on appearance
- static reasoning
- irreversibility
what is centration?
tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation
describe the “focus on appearance” characteristic of Piaget’s Pre-Op thought
ignores all attributes except appearance
What a child assumes the world is unchanging, they are using
STATIC REASONING
What is “IRREVERSIBILITY?”
when a child fails to recognize that reversing a process can sometimes restore whatever existed before transformation.
what is CONSERVATION
principle that amount of substance is unaffected by changes in appearance.
- liquids, numbers, matter, length
- understanding develops after age 7
Vygotsky’s “APPRENTICE IN THINKING”
child whose intellectual growth is stimulated and directed by older and more skilled more members of society
Vygotsky’s “GUIDED PARTICIPATION”
process by which young children with help of mentors, learn to think by having social experience by exploring their universe
Vygotsky’s “SCAFFOLDING”
sensitive structuring of child’s participation in learning encounters
Vygotsky’s “Zone of Proximal Development”
skills that are too difficult for a child to perform alone but can be performed with guidance from an adult or older children.
LOWER limit of ZPD can be reached
INDEPENDENTLY
UPPER LIMIT of ZPD can be reached
with assistance
use of speech to bridge gap between child’s current
understanding and what is almost understood:
SOCIAL MEDIATION
EMERGENCE happens by age
4
