Chapter 12: Smaller Ecdysozoans

Question 1

Ecdysozoans possess a ___

Answer 1

cuticle

Question 2

What is a cuticle?

Answer 2

Nonliving external layer secreted by the epidermis

Question 3

What happens if a cuticle is firm?

Answer 3

Growth is restricted

Question 4

The process of molting is called ____.

Answer 4

Ecdysis

Question 5

What phyla makeup Clade Panarthopoda?

Answer 5

Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthopoda

Question 6

All phyla in Clade Panarthopoda have a ____.

Answer 6

Hemocoel

Question 7

What is a hemocoel? Function?

Answer 7

Fusion of the main coelomic cavity and blastocoel; acts as entrance for blood from open circulatory system

Question 8

What comprises hemolymph?

Answer 8

Blood and lymphatic fluid

Question 9

What is an example of Phylum Onychophora?

Answer 9

Velvet Worms

Question 10

Where are velvet worms (Onychophora) found?

Answer 10

Rainforests, tropical and semitropical leafy habitats

Question 11

True/False: All velvet worms are terrestrial

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Do velvet worms appear during the day?

Answer 12

No, they are nocturnal

Question 13

How do velvet worms capture prey?

Answer 13

Entangle and Immobilize prey in slime; prey digested by enzymes, and consume only liquid part

Question 14

Describe Viviparity

Answer 14

Form of Reproduction: Placental attachment between mother and offspring; live birth; offspring are born as juveniles

Question 15

Describe Ovovivparity

Answer 15

Form of Reproduction: Young develop in eggs inside of the mother; eggs hatch while in uterus and live birth

Question 16

Describe Oviparity

Answer 16

Form of Reproduction: females lay shell-covered eggs in moist places

Question 17

How well can Velvet worms see?

Answer 17

They are nearly blind

Question 18

What is the function of the Tracheal System

Answer 18

Enables them to breathe air, brings in air from pores scatted all over the body

Question 19

What two groups make up Tactopoda?

Answer 19

Tardigrades and Euarthopoda

Question 20

What is Anhydrobiosis? What happens to the tardigrade?

Answer 20

Tardigrades deal with a lack of water, and they curl up into a ball called a tun to be all dried up.

Question 21

What is Trehalose? What does it do?

Answer 21

glass-like protective sugar that is synthesized and replaces water in the cells of tardigrades

Question 22

What is Anoxybiosis? What happens to the tardigrade?

Answer 22

condition of insufficient oxygen; tardigrade will swell and become rigid and turgid

Question 23

What is Cryobiosis?

Answer 23

A condition of extremely low temperatures

Question 24

What is Osmobiosis?

Answer 24

A condition of change in osmotic pressure

Question 25

What animals are tardigrades closely related to?

Answer 25

They are not closely related to anything else on Earth.

Question 26

How many described species of tardigrades?

Answer 26

1000

Question 27

How many legs to tardigrades have?

Answer 27

8 legs

Question 28

What are the 3 major aquatic environments that tardigrades are found in?

Answer 28

Marine/brackish water, Freshwater, Terrestrial Habitats

Question 29

Describe the diets of tardigrades.

Answer 29

Feed on cell contents of plants and algae; eat single-celled organisms or other micro animals.

Question 30

What types of extreme environments can tardigrades survive?

Answer 30

Very low temperatures, high levels of radiation, exposure to chemicals, the vacuum of space

Question 31

Explain the process of cryptobiosis as it applies to tardigrades.

Answer 31

The metabolism of the organism can lower to 0.01% of the normal amount which allows them to stay full/survive until conditions return to ideal.

Question 31

Explain the process of cryptobiosis as it applies to tardigrades.

Answer 31

The metabolism of the organism can lower to 0.01% of the normal amount which allows them to stay full/survive until conditions return to ideal.

Question 32

Describe “tun state”.

Answer 32

A ball form that tardigrades roll into during Anhydrobiosis to avoid drought.

Question 33

Are tardigrades immortal?

Answer 33

They are resistant to extreme conditions while in a tun state but outside of the are delicate and can be killed easily.

Question 34

Tardigrades are often referred to as extremophiles. Why is that not an accurate word to use to describe them?

Answer 34

They do not enjoy living in extreme conditions but are just good at surviving in them.

Question 35

Explain the tardigrade’s unique eyes.

Answer 35

Have 2 single photoreceptive cells for eyes.