Chapter 12 Vocabulary

Question 1

The 4th stage of mitosis where the chromatids of each chromosome separate and the daughter chromosomes are moving to opposite poles of the cell.

Answer 1

Anaphase

Question 2

A mass of abnormal cells remaining at the site of the origin

Answer 2

Benign tumor

Question 3

Asexual reproduction method that stands for “division in half”. It does not involve mitosis in prokaryotes, but when single-celled eukaryotes undergo this process, mitosis does occur.

Answer 3

Binary fission

Question 4

Ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin of division from a parent cell to its own division into two

Answer 4

Cell Cycle

Question 5

Reproduction of cells

Answer 5

Cell Division

Question 6

Double membrane across mid-line of a dividing plant cell, new cell walls forms during cytokinesis

Answer 6

Cell plate

Question 7

The specialized region of chromosomes where two sister chromatids are most closely attached.

Answer 7

Centromere

Question 8

An important structure during cell division present in the cytoplasm of animals cells, functions as a microtubule-organizing center. (contains two centrioles)

Answer 8

Centrosome

Question 9

A control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead signals regulate the cycle

Answer 9

Checkpoint

Question 10

Complex of DNA and proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not being divided, it exists in its dispersed form (long, thin fiber not visible with light microscope).

Answer 10

Chromatin

Question 11

Cellular structure that carries genetic material and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Answer 11

Chromosome

Question 12

1) Process of cytokinesis in animal cells (pinching of membrane)
2) Succession of rapid cell division without significant growth during early embryo development that converts the zygote to a ball of cells.

Answer 12

Cleavage

Question 13

Cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration & plays a significant role in cell cycle regulation

Answer 13

Cyclin

Question 14

Protein kinase that’s only active when attached to a particular cyclin.

Answer 14

(CDK) Cyclin-dependent kinase

Question 15

Division of cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I and II.

Answer 15

Cytokinesis

Question 16

Phenomenon observed in normal animal cells causing them to stop dividing when coming into contact with one another.

Answer 16

Density-dependent inhibition

Question 17

Non dividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle.

Answer 17

G0 Phase

Question 18

First gap (growth phase) of the cell cycle. Consists of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.

Answer 18

G1 Phase

Question 19

Second gap (growth phase) of cell cycle that consists of portion of the interphase AFTER synthesis of DNA occurs

Answer 19

G2 Phase

Question 20

Haploid reproductive cell (egg or sperm) that unites during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.

Answer 20

Gamete

Question 21

Genetic material of organism/virus. The complete complement of an organism or viruses genes along with its non-coding nucleic acid sequences.

Answer 21

Genome

Question 22

1)Protein that must be present in extracellular environment for growth and normal development of certain types of cells
2) Local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation

Answer 22

Growth factor

Question 23

Period in cell cycle when cell is not dividing.

Answer 23

Interphase

Question 24

Structure of proteins attached to centromere that links each sister chromatid to mitotic spindle

Answer 24

Kinetochore

Question 25

Cancerous tumor that's invasive enough to impair functions

Answer 25

Malignant tumor

Question 26

Second (sometimes third) stage of mitosis, the spindle is complete and chromosomes attached to microtubules and aligned in the middle

Answer 26

Metaphase

Question 27

Spread of cancer cells to locations distant from original site

Answer 27

Metastasis

Question 28

Process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into 5 stages (pro, prometa, meta, ana, and telo)

Answer 28

Mitosis

Question 29

Assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that's involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis

Answer 29

Mitotic spindle

Question 30

Second (sometimes not considered) stage of Mitosis; discrete chromosomes consisting of sister chromatids appear, nuclear envelope fragments, & spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores of chromosomes

Answer 30

Prometaphase

Question 31

First stage of Mitosis, chromatin condenses, mitotic spindle forms, nucleolus disappears (nucleus remains intact)

Answer 31

Prophase

Question 32

Synthesis phase of cell cycle (DNA is replicated)

Answer 32

S phase

Question 33

Either of 2 copies of duplicated chromosome attached to each other by centromere (make up one chromosome when joined)

Answer 33

Sister Chromatid

Question 34

Any cell in a multicellular organisms except a sperm or egg

Answer 34

Somatic cell

Question 35

Fifth (sometimes fourth) and final stage of Mitosis. Daughter nuclei forming

Answer 35

Telophase

Question 36

1) Conversion of normal animal cell to cancerous cell 2) Change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of external DNA by cell

Answer 36

Transformation