Chapter 14 Vocabulary

Question 1

Any of the alternative version of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.

Answer 1

Allele

Question 2

In genetics, an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus. One normal allele, one recessive allele. Phenotypically dominant for the character determined by gene but can pass on recessive alleles to offspring.

Answer 2

Carrier

Question 3

The situation in which phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways.

Answer 3

Codominance

Question 4

Situation in which phenotypes of heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable

Answer 4

Complete dominance

Question 5

Human genetic disorder caused by recessive alleles for chloride channel protein; excessive secretion of mucus and consequent vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated

Answer 5

Cystic fibrosis

Question 6

Organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. All offspring from a cross between parents doubly homozygous for different alleles. Ex: Parents of AABB and AABB produce AaBb.

Answer 6

Dihybrid

Question 7

Allele that’s fully expressed in phenotype of heterozygote.

Answer 7

Dominant allele

Question 8

Type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of another that is independently inherited.

Answer 8

Epistasis

Question 9

First filial, or hybrid, offspring in a series of genetic crosses

Answer 9

F1 generation

Question 10

Offspring resulting from interbreeding of hybrid F1 generation.

Answer 10

F2 generation

Question 11

Genetic makeup/set of alleles of an organism

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

Having two different alleles for a given gene

Answer 12

Heterozygous

Question 13

Having two identical alleles for a given gene

Answer 13

Homozygous

Question 14

Human genetic disease caused by dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; fatal 10-20 years after onset of symptoms

Answer 14

Huntingtons disease

Question 15

The mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties

Answer 15

Hybridization

Question 16

Situation in which phenotypes of heterozygous is intermediate between phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele.

Answer 16

Incomplete dominance

Question 17

Mendel’s 2nd Law. It states each pair of alleles assorts/segregates independently of each other pair during gamete formation. It applies when genes for two characters are located on a different pairs of homologous chromosomes.

Answer 17

Law of independent assortment

Question 18

Mendel’s 1st Law. It states that two alleles in a pair separate into different gametes during gamete formation.

Answer 18

Law of segregation

Question 19

Organism that is heterozygous with a respect to a single gene of interest. All offspring from a cross of homo for different alleles are this. Ex; parents of AA and aa produce genotype Aa.

Answer 19

Monohybrid

Question 20

Referring to a phenotypic character that is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors.

Answer 20

Multifactorial

Question 21

Parents individuals from which offspring are derived.

Answer 21

Parent(P) generation

Question 22

Diagram of family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiples generations.

Answer 22

Pedigree

Question 23

Physical and physiological trait of organism determined by genetic makeup.

Answer 23

Phenotype

Question 24

Ability of a single gene to have multiple effects

Answer 24

Pleiotropy

Question 25

Additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character.

Answer 25

Polygenic inheritance

Question 26

Diagram used in study of inheritance to show predicted results of random fertilization in genetic crosses.

Answer 26

Punnett square

Question 27

Allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.

Answer 27

Recessive allele

Question 28

Human genetic disease caused by recessive allele that results in substitution of single amino acid in a globin polypeptide (part of hemoglobin protein). Deformed red blood cells

Answer 28

Sickle-cell allele

Question 29

Human genetic disease caused by recessive allele for dysfunctional enzyme, leads to accumulation of certain lipids in brain. Seizures blindness, degeneration of motor and mental performance manifested months after birth and death.

Answer 29

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 30

Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with homozygous recessive individual to determine unknown genotype. Ratio of phenotypes in offspring reveals unknown genotype.

Answer 30

Test cross

Question 31

Any detectable variant in genetic character

Answer 31

Trait

Question 32

Referring to plants that produce offspring of same variety when they self-pollinate.

Answer 32

True-breeding