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World History > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What three things contributed to the downfall of Western Europe?

A

Disruption of trade, downfall of cities, population shifts

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2
Q

Why was there a decline in learning?

A

Families left for rural areas, no written language, losing the knowledge of Greek

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3
Q

Why did Latin change?

A

German speaking people mixed with the Roman population

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4
Q

What languages evolved from Latin?

A

French, Spanish, other Roman-based languages

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5
Q

What held the Germanic society together during Government changes?

A
  • church provided security
  • loyalty to public government and written law
  • family ties and personal loyalty
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6
Q

What made it impossible to establish orderly government for large territories?

A

Germanic stress on personal ties

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7
Q

Clothide

A

Clovis’ wife who converted him to Christianity

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8
Q

Who was Clovis?

A
  • wife converted him to Christianity
  • called on God during a fight against a Germanic army and won
  • united the Franks into one kingdom
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9
Q

What two groups bordered the Roman empire?

A

Germanic and Celtic

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10
Q

Why were monasteries built?

A

To adapt to rural conditions

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11
Q

Benedicts

A

An Italian monk who wrote rules for monasteries

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12
Q

Scholastica

A

Benedicts sister, headed a convent and adapted the same rules as Benedicts’ for women

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13
Q

Venerable Bede

A

English monk who wrote a history of England

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14
Q

Pope Gregory I

A

(Gregory the Great) broadened the authority of the papacy beyond its spiritual role. The Papacy became a secular power involved in politics

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15
Q

Christendom

A

Spiritual kingdom fanning out from Rome to the most distant churches

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16
Q

Who was Frankish rule given to after Clovis died?

A

France

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17
Q

Major domo

A
  • Official, mayor of the palace
  • officially had charge of the royal household and estates
  • unofficially led armies and made policy
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18
Q

Charles Martel

A

(Charles the Hammer) had more power than the king, extended the Franks reign to the north, south, and east

Deforested Muslim raiders from Spain at the Battle of Tours

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19
Q

Pepin the short

A

Charles Martels son, fought the Lombards

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20
Q

Who are Pepin the Shorts two sons?

A
  • carloman; dies

- Charles; got the kingdom and becomes Charlemagne

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21
Q

What did Charlemagne do to extend Frankish rule?

A
  • conquered new lands
  • spread Christianity
  • reunited the Western Europe
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22
Q

Why was Charlemagne crowned emperor by Pope Leo III?

A

He crushed any mob that had attacked the pope

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23
Q

Why was Pope Leo III crowning Charlemagne emperor historic?

A

A pope had claimed the political right to confer the title “Roman emperor” on a European king

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24
Q

How did Charlemagne strengthen the Frankish empire?

A
  • limited authority of the nobles
  • Sent out total agents to govern his empire
  • regularly visited every part of his kingdom
  • encouraged learning
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25
Louis the pious
Charlemagnes only surviving son that he crowned emperor
26
Who are Louis the Pious three sons
1. Lothair 2. Charles the Bald 3. Louis the German
27
Treaty of Verdun
Treaty the three sons signed dividing the empire into three kingdoms
28
Who are in the Carolingian Dynasty?
- Charles Martel - Pepin the Short - Charlemagne - Louis the Pious - lothair - Charles the bald - Louis the German
29
Feudalism
A political and economic system based on land holding and protective alliances
30
What led to the rise of Feudalism?
Political turmoil and constant warfare
31
Where do the Vikings raid Europe from?
Scandinavia, Denmark, Norway, Sweden
32
What descent are Vikings?
German
33
Leif Ericson
Viking explorer who reached North America before Christopher Columbus
34
Magyars
Hungarian nomads who invade Western Europe {Hungary Eastern Europe}
35
Muslims
Attack north from Africa, through Italy and Spain {Africa}
36
Northmens land (Normandy)
The part of French territory that Charles the Simple granted to Rollo the head of the Viking army for a pledge of loyalty to the king
37
Where else was there feudalism besides Europe?
Japan
38
what is feudalism based on?
Rights and obligations, and it depends on the control of the land
39
Feudal pyramid
King->nobles,bishops->knights->peasants
40
Three social groups that the feudal system classifies people into:
- those who fight: nobles and knights - those who pray: monks, nuns, leaders of the Church - those who work: peasants
41
Serfs
Aren’t slaves, but what they produce belongs to their lord
42
Manor system
The lords estate that has an economic system
43
Relationship between serfs and lords
Serfs tended the lords lands, cared for animals, and performed other tasks to maintain the estate and the lords provided the serfs with housing, farmland, and protection from bandits
44
What was all in a manor?
Lords house, church, workshop, village. Few square miles of land. Self-sufficient
45
What taxes to peasants pay?
Taxes to use mill and bakery, tithe to preiest
46
What is a tithe equal to?
One-tenth of a peasants income
47
Why did serfs and peasants accept their lives?
Thought of it as part of Gods plan
48
Pease of God
Limited who knights could attack
49
Truce of God
Limited when knights could attack
50
How many days per year is a knight in combat?
40
51
What are knights supposed to do?
Protect weak and poor, serve feudal lord, God, and chosen lady
52
What was the ideal knight?
Loyal, brave, courteous
53
Knights training
- At age 7 (page) sent to the castle of a lord, waited on hosts and began to practice fighting skills - Age 14 (squire) acted as a servant to a knight - Age 21 (knight)
54
Where do lords live
Castles
55
Why did knights seem more romantic than they were?
Stories
56
Epic poems
Recount a hero’s deeds and adventures
57
Song of roland
About Charlemagnes knights fighting Muslims - transforms the event into a struggle - French knights led by Roland battle and overwhelming army of Muslims from Spain
58
What did troubadours songs do?
Created an artificial image of women
59
Eleanor of Aquitaine
- wife of two kings (Louis VII, King of the franks) (Henery II, of England) - mother of two kings of England (Richard and John)
60
Status of women
- Women were inferior to men
61
Noblewomen
- can inherit land, defend castle, send knights to war on lords request - usually confined to activities of the home or convent
62
Peasant women
- most labor in home and field, bear children, provide for family - poor, powerless, do household tasks at a young age
63
Pope Gelasius
Held a view of two powers in the world (swords)
64
Two powers the Gelasius saw:
- “Holy authority of bishops” - “Royal power” In spiritual matters the state should bow to the pope, but in political matters the pope should give in to the state
65
Gelasius analogy>
Pope has the spiritual sword, emperor has the political one. Rulers should keep their authority in their own realm
66
Rank of clergy
Pope>clergy
67
Why was religion important in the Middle Ages?
Shared beliefs and bonded people (church on Sunday)
68
Canon law
Governed marriages and religious practices
69
Excommunication
Banishment from the Church, denial of salvation, freed all the kings vassals from him
70
Interdict
Kings subjects decided sacraments and services, services could not be performed in the kings land, therefore all his followers would be mad at him
71
Pope have power over political leaders through threat of:
- excommunication - interdict - emotional extortion
72
Otto I
(Otto the Great) crowned king of Germany, limits strength of nobles with help of clergy, Gaines support of bishops and abbots
73
What happens when Otto invades Italy on behalf of the pope?
Pope crowns him emperor
74
Otto creates the:
Holy Roman Empire from his German-Italian lands
75
Why did the German-Italian empire cause conflicts?
Popes and Italian nobles resented German power over Italy
76
What happened between pope Gregory and emperor Henry?
Gregory bans lay investiture, so Henry orders Gregory to resign, the Gregory Excommunicates Henry
77
What happens in Canossa, Italy?
Henry begs Gregory for forgiveness, Gregory forgives him, then Henry punishes the nobles that went against him
78
Compromise in Worms, Germany
Pope appoints bishops, emperor can veto appointment
79
Frederick I
Is the last king, dominates German princes
80
Lombard League
Italian merchants and the pope form an alliance to unite against Frederick I
81
Battle of Legnano
Lombard League fought Frederick I

World History (4 decks)

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