Chapter 6 Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Tarquin the Proud
A
An Etruscan king
2
Q
Forum
A
Heart of political life
3
Q
Republic
A
Government in which citizens elect leaders
4
Q
Why was Rome chosen in the spot it is?
A
- fertile soil and strategic location
5
Q
Where is Rome located at?
A
On an Italian peninsula in the center of the Mediterranean Sea
6
Q
In the beginning, who fought for Rome?
A
Latins, Greeks, Etruscans
7
Q
Where is Romans get their alphabet , architecture, and arch?
A
Etruscans
8
Q
Who was the last Etruscan king?
A
Tarquin the Proud
9
Q
When did the Romans overthrough Tarquin the Proud?
A
509bc
10
Q
Who was voting granted to?
A
Free-born male citizens
11
Q
Patricians
A
Wealthy landowning class that holds most of the power (senators)
12
Q
Plebeians
A
Artisans, merchants and farmers; can vote, but cannot rule (tribunes)
13
Q
Tribunes
A
Elected representatives who protect plebeians rights
14
Q
Who were the 12 tables borrowed from?
A
Hamarobe from Babylonia
15
Q
Twelve tables
A
Laws that confirm the right of all free citizens to the protection of the law
16
Q
Where are the 12 tables located?
A
Forum
17
Q
Consuls
A
One leads army, one directs government, one year term, can’t serve for 10 years after their term
18
Q
Senate
A
Chosen from Roman upper class; makes foreign and domestic policy, 300 members
19
Q
Tribal assembly
A
Elected the tribunes and made laws for the common people
20
Q
Dictators
A
Leaders in crisis, serve for 6 months
21
Q
Democratic assemblies
A
Elect tribunes and make laws for common people
22
Q
Legion
A
Military unit of 5,000 infantry supported by cavalry
23
Q
Century
A
Divided military into smaller groups of 80 men
24
Q
Anyone who owned land was required to…?
A
Serve in the army, have 10 years of military service (same with holding office)
25
What enables Rome to grow (accommodate and assimilate)?
They treated the conquered people justly. Conquered people had all rights except voting
26
What two items did Romans barter with?
Olive oil and wine
27
Punic wars
Three wars between Rome and Carthage
28
Hannibal
Carthaginian general
29
Habbibal won where in 216 bc?
Cannae
30
Sicpio
Roman general who defeats Hannibal
31
Civil war
Conflict between groups within the same country
32
What happens as the Republic grows?
Gap between rich and poor widens
33
Tiberius and Gaius
Attempted to help Romes poor as tribunes
34
What did Tiberius and Gaius do?
Proposed reforms to limit size of estates and gave land to the poor
35
How did slavery hurt the Roman republic?
Too many slaves, not enough land owners to hold office and vote. Favors the wealthy
36
Why did the Roman military become less loyal?
They were becoming loyal to generals because they would promise them land
37
Julius Caesar
Father of Octavian, joined triumvirate, ruled before Augustus
38
Who was in the first triumvirate?
Julius Caesar, Crassus, Pompey
39
Triumvirate
A group of three rulers
40
How long did the first triumvirate rule for?
3 years
41
Pompey
JC political rival
42
After JC defeated Pompey, what did he do?
Appointed himself dictator
43
Who are the commanders and financiers of the first triumvirate?
Commanders: Caesar, Pompey
Financiers: Crassus
44
What were some of JC’s reforms:
- Granted Roman citizenship to many people in the provinces
- Expanded the senate, Added friends and supporters from Italy and other regions
- Created jobs for poor through construction of new public buildings
- Stated colonies where people without land could own property
- Increased pay for soldiers
45
Who were in the second triumvirate?
Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus
46
Octavian
Grandnephew and adopted son
47
Mark Antony
Experienced general
48
Lepidus
Powerful politician, financier
49
How long did the second triumvirate rule for?
10 years
50
Who fell in love with Queen Cleopatra
Mark Antony
51
What name did Octavian take after he became emperor?
Augustus
52
Pax Romana
Roman peace, peace for 207 years from Augustus
53
What did Augustus do?
- Stabilized the frontier
- Glorified Rome with splendid public buildings
- Created a system of government that survived for centuries
- set up a civil service, pair workers to manage affairs of the government
54
Denarius
Silver coin used for trade
55
What did trade do?
Brought Roman ways to provinces and beyond
56
Gravitas
Values of discipline, strength, and loyalty
57
Who became gladiators
Male slaves
58
Numina
Powerful spirits or divine forces
59
Lares
Guardian spirits of each family
60
Government provided free:
Games, races, mock battles, gladiator contests
61
What distracted Romans from their horrible life?
Holidays 150 days a year, gladiator contests
62
What did the Jews believe?
A savior known as the Messiah (anointed on) would come restore the kingdom of the Jews and free them
63
What year did Rome conquer Judaea and make it part of the empire?
6 AD
64
Judaea
Home of the Jews
65
Jesus was born in______?
Bethlehem
66
Jesus lived in _________?
Nazareth
67
Jesus died in ________?
Jerusalem
68
John the Baptist
Baptized Jesus
69
Monotheism
Belief of one God
70
What did Jesus do in the four Gospels?
Public ministry, preached, taught, did good works, preformed miracles
71
Apostles
(From Greek word apostolos) means “someone sent out”; Jesus’ disciples or pupils; 12 men
72
Why did Jesus appeal to the poor?
He ignored wealth and status
73
Greek word Christos “messiah” or “savior
Christ
74
Who accused Jesus of defying the authority of Rome?
Pontius Pilate
75
Crucified
To be nailed to a large wooden cross to die
76
When did Jesus become referred to as Jesus Christ?
After he appeared and ascended into heaven.
77
Where was the term “Christian” first used?
Antioch
78
Paul
Apostle; originally named Saul, member of the strict Jewish sect of Pharisees
79
Who had a vision of Christ while on his way to Damascus to arrest some Christians where he claimed Jesus appeared to him calling him to be an Apostle to the Gentiles
Paul
80
Gentiles
Non-Jew
81
Why did Pax Romana provide ideal conditions for Christianity to spread?
It made travel and exchange of ideas fairly safe, common languages
82
Epistles
Influential letters Paul wrote to groups of believers; they are in the Bible; wrote to the Romans
83
What helped Christianity spread?
Common languages of Latin, Greek, spoken throughout the empire
84
Koine
Greek spoken languages by most people show live in the eastern Mediterranean region
85
Diaspora
Dispersal of the Jews
86
Why were Christians a problem for Roman rulers?
Refused to worship Roman gods
87
Scapegoats
Someone that is innocently blamed for something
88
Martyrs
People willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of a belief or a cause
89
Constantine
Roman emperor battles for control of Rome in 312ad
90
Who has a vision of a cross and stops the persecution of Christians?
Constantine
91
Priests
Direct a single church (parish)
92
Bishop
Super use number of churches (dioceses)
93
Pope
Means father or head of Christian Church
94
Who is the “Rock” of the Christian church
Peter
95
Where was the Niceene Creed written?
Nicaea
96
Fathers of the Church
Early writers and scholars of Christianity
97
Augustine
Bishop in North Africa, one of the most important fathers
98
What did Augustine do?
- stressed the importance of receiving the sacraments to obtain God’s grace
- wrote The City of God
99
What emperors reign makes the end of two centuries of Pax Romana?
Marcus Aurelius
100
What factors weakened Rome’s Economy?
- Hostile tribes outside the boundaries of the empire
- Pirates on the Mediterranean Sea disrupted trade
- Lacked new sources of gold and silver because they reached their limit of expansion
101
Inflation
Drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a raise in prices
102
Mercenaries
Foreign soldiers who fought for money, weren’t as loyal to the empire
103
Diocletian
Strong-willed Mary leader, becomes emperor in 284 AD
104
What did Diocletian do to help the empire ?
Split it into the Greek speaking West and Latin speaking east
105
What half of the empire did Diocletian keep for himself?
East
106
What did Constantine do after he gained control after Diocletian?
Moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium
107
Constantinople
City of Constantine (used to be Byzantium)
108
Barbarians
“Invaders” non-Romans
109
Attila
Powerful chief of the Huns
110
Why does the West fall?
- surrounded by water on all sides
111
Who was the last Roman emperor
14 year old named Romulus Augustulus
112
Byzantine Empire
Eastern half of Roman Empire
113
Where did Byzantine emperors rule from
Constantinople
114
Greco-Roman
Greece, Rome, and Hellenistic (Greece, Persia, Egypt, India)
115
Horace
A Roman poet who said “Greece, once overcome, overcame her wild conqueror”
116
Where did the Romans learn sculptures from?
Greeks
117
Bas-relief
Type of sculpture with a flat background during Augustus time
118
Mosaics
Pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass, or tile onto a surface
119
Villas
Country houses of the wealthy
120
Frescoes
Large murals on walls
121
Pompeii
Town with preserved art from volcanoes
122
Stoicism
The philosophy of the Greek teacher Zeno.
123
Zeno
Encouraged virtue, duty, moderation, and endurance
124
Virgil
Poet, wrote Latin lit, Aeneid
125
Ovid
Poet, wrote light witty for enjoyment, Amores
126
What do Annals and Histories do?
Provide comprehensive look at Roman life
127
Livy
Used legends freely, creating more of a national myth of Rome than a true history
128
Tacitus
Roman historian, presented facts accurately
129
Romance languages
Latin adopted by different people and developed into French, Spanish Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian
130
Aqueduct
Water brought into cities or towns
131
Who were laws influenced by
The teachings of Stoic philosophers
132
Roman Laws
- All persons had the right to equal treatment under the law
- A person was considered innocent until proven guilty
- The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than the accused
- A person should be punished only for actions, not thoughts
- Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside
133
Study all the pictures on notes, family tree, map, and the outline
Please
134
Heresy
Belief or opinion
