Chapter 13 Flashcards
flogging
a punishment where the victim was hit repeatedly with a whip or stick. This was used until the early 1800s, where Americans relied on the European practices of relying on punishment that was physically painful, such as death, flogging, or branding.
Quakers of Pennsylvania, involvement in prison reform
The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, formed in 1787 included many Quakers, argued that criminals could be best reformed if they were placed in penitentiaries and isolated from one another and from society to consider their crimes, repent, and reform.
Pennsylvania system
The Pennsylvania system is based on the five principle of separate confinement; prisoners would not be treated vengefully but should be convinced that through hard and selective forms of suffering they could change their lives, solitary confinement would prevent further corruption inside prison, in isolation, offenders would reflect on their transgressions and repent, solitary confinement would be punishment because by nature humans are social animals, solitary confinement would be economical, because prisoners would not need long periods of time to repent, and so fewer keepers would be needed and the costs of clothes would be lower. Solitary confinement was first used for hardened and atrocious offenders.
New York system
The New York system was based on the congregate system that held prisoners in isolation at night but let them work and eat together during the day in silence. Elam Lynds, Auburn’s warden instituted a regime that was disciplined and obedient that included lockstep and wearing prison stripes. He started the control labor system-inmates’ labor was sold on a contractual basis to private employers who provided machinery and materials for the inmates to make sellable products in the institution.
At what point in time were females treated the same as male prisoners?
Female inmates were treated the same as male inmates until the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Who provides the funding for American prisons?
90% of the cost of all correctional activities in the nation is paid by state and local governments. The rest is paid by taxpayers.
Are all state prisons run the same?
States vary considerably in the way they organize corrections, the administration of prisons falls under the executive branch of state government, They are given guidelines to follow, but they can be flexible in the way that they
What is the percentage of women in prison? Incarcerated?
7% of the prison population, 15% jail, 10% of the incarcerated population
What is the percentage of those in jail vs in prison, all prisoners?
2.2 million total incarceration. 77%, 1.5 million in prison, 33%,728,000 in jail, less than half are in jail
Is there a difference between jails and prisons? General difference
Prisons are institutions for the incarceration of people convicted of serious crimes, usually felonies with a sentence of more than 1 year. Jails are institutions authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced for periods longer than 48 hours. Most jails are administered by county governments; in 6 jurisdictions they are administered by state governments, for a sentence of 1 year or less. Typically misdemeanors
Throughout the 20th century, the number of people incarcerated increased or decreased or stayed the same?
Throughout the 20th century the number of people incarcerated stayed the same
What part of the country has shown the largest prison increase? NESW
Southeast
Are prison officials allowed to place a ban on mail between prisoners in different facilities?
Prison officials are only allowed to place a ban on mail between prisoners in different facilities, if it is to maintain the prisons safety.
Know the enlightenment period
The enlightenment period was in the late 18th century, when scholars and social reformers in Europe and America were rethinking the nature of society and the place of the individual in it. The definition is; a movement, during the 18th century in England and France, in which concepts of liberalism, rationalism, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking.
Know what the Cincinnati declaration of principles was
the National Prison Association and its 1870, embodied a new spirit of reform. advanced a new design for peneology; prisons should operate according to a philosophy of inmate change with reformation rewarded by release. Indeterminate sentences would replace mandatory ones, and proof of reform would be needed for their release. Classification of prisoners on the basis of character and improvement would encourage reformation programs, and the practices from the 19th century-fixed sentences, lockstep, rules of silence, and isolation-were seen as debasing and humiliating and as destroying inmates’ initiative.
Know which penitentiary first used the technique of isolation
Walnut Street Jail in 1790, Eastern State Penitentiary in 1829, as a part of the Pennsylvania system, was the first penitentiary to use the technique of isolation.
Know what the congregate system is
The congregate system is a penitentiary system developed in Auburn New York where each inmate was held in isolation during the night but worked and ate together during the day under a rule of silence.
The crime control model
The crime control model was based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be controlled by more use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision.
What level of government operates correctional programs, state, federal, local, or county?
All, depending on what level prison it is and what
Which branch of government is the administration of prisons under?
The administration of prisons falls under the executive branch of state government. Federal Bureau of prisons and DOJ
