Chapter 1

Question 1

Difference between mala prohibita and mala in se

Answer 1

Mala prohibita are acts that are crimes because they are prohibited by the government and not because they are wrong in themselves. Mala in se are acts that are wrong in themselves due to their nature.

Question 2

What do conservatives believe in and what do liberals believe in when it comes to enforcement and crime

Answer 2

Liberals believe that civil liberties should be emphasized, due process
Conservatives believe in focusing on law and order, criminal Justice

Question 3

Know what visible crimes are

Answer 3

Visible crime are offenses against persons or property that is committed primarily by members of the lower social classes. Often referred to as “street crime” or “ordinary crime,” this type of offense is the one most upsetting to the public. Like homicide and shoplifting and disorderly conduct.

Question 4

Know who typically commits visible crime (old young)

Answer 4

Those who often commit visible crimes are young, male, and poor, and minorities are often singled out for arrest.

Question 5

Crime rates rise or drop since 1980s(2019)

Answer 5

drop

Question 6

Are crimes and justice policy issues?

Answer 6

Yes they are difficult public policy issues as in a democracy it can be a struggle to find a balance between public order and protecting individual freedoms.

Question 7

What are public order crimes

Answer 7

Public order crimes are acts, such as public drunkenness and disorderly conduct, which threaten society’s well-being and make citizens fearful. They include shoplifting, theft, burglary, and larceny.

Question 8

What gender and age group are mostly likely to commit crimes

Answer 8

Men, age 16-24

Question 9

According to FBI data, is crime increasing or decreasing (2019)

Answer 9

Crime is decreasing and has been since the 80s

Question 10

Know examples of offenses that are mala prohibita or mala in se

Answer 10

Mala in se offenses include rape, assault, and murder. Mala prohibita offenses include pornography and gambling.

Question 11

Can the criminal justice be seen as a social system TorF

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Know the diff between felonies and misdemeanors

Answer 12

Felonies are serious crimes that result in a penalty of incarceration for more than one year or the death penalty. Misdemeanors are less serious offenses than felonies and usually punishable by incarceration of no more than one year, probation, or intermediate sanctions.

Question 13

Punishments for felonies and misdemeanors

Answer 13

Felonies- death penalty and a prison sentence of more than one year. Misdemeanor- probation, intermediate sanctions, and a jail sentence of up to one year.

Question 14

Is the risk of lethal violence higher in the US than other industrial democracies

Answer 14

Yes, gun violence

Question 15

What is meant by the due process model

Answer 15

The Due process model sees law as a value; it focuses on civil liberties, judicial branch emphasis(courts/law), and individual rights of the accused.

Question 16

What is meant by the crime control model

Answer 16

The crime control model sees order as a value; if focuses on crime prevention, emphasizes the executive branch (police/pretiral), and discretion

Question 17

Know the UCR and NCVS

Answer 17

The UCR is the Uniform Crime Report; it is an annually published statistical summary of crimes reported to the police, based on voluntary reports to the FBI by local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. THe NCVS is the National Crime Victimization Survey, it interviews samples of the U.S. population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization, and thus, the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.

Question 18

Do the UCR and NCVS provide a clear picture on the amount of crime

Answer 18

The UCR and NCVS do not provide a clear picture on the amount of crime as they boh only report on a select amount of crimes. They have distorted numbers due to different crime measurements.

Question 19

Know what identity theft is.

Answer 19

Identity theft is the theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information in order to secure loans, withdraw bank funds, and purchase merchandise while posing as someone else. The unsuspecting victim will eventually lose money in these transactions

Question 20

Who is affected by identity theft the most

Answer 20

Identity theft mostly affects middle class and older people as they are less aware of identity theft and don’t check bank statements often. In 2014 7% of the population aged 16 and up were victims of identity theft.

Question 21

What types of crimes are the least profitable

Answer 21

Visible crimes”street crime” are the least profitable

Question 22

Visible crime

Answer 22

an offense against persons or property that is committed primarily by members of the lower social classes. Often referred to as “street crime” ir “ordinary crime,” this type of offense is the one most upsetting to the public.

Question 23

Violent crimes

Answer 23

Crimes against people in which force is employed to rob, produce physical injury, or cause death.

Question 24

Property crimes-

Answer 24

Crimes in which property is damaged or stolen.

Question 25

Public order crimes-

Answer 25

Acts, such as public drunkenness and disorderly conduct, which threaten society’s well-being and make citizens fearful.

Question 26

Victimless crimes-

Answer 26

Offenses involving a willing and private exchange of illegal goods or services that are in strong demand. Participants do not feel they are being harmed, but these crimes are prosecuted on the grounds that society as a whole is being harmed.

Question 27

Political crime-

Answer 27

An act, usually done for ideological purposes, that constitutes a threat against the state (such as treason, sedition, or espionage) or a criminal act by a state.

Question 28

Occupational crime-

Answer 28

A criminal offense committed through opportunities created in a legal business or occupation.

Question 29

Organized crime-

Answer 29

a framework for the perpetration of criminal acts-usually in fields, such as gambling, drugs, and prostitution-providing illegal services that are in great demand.

Question 30

Transnational crime-

Answer 30

Profit-seeking criminal activities that involve planning, execution, or victimization that crosses national borders.

Question 31

Cybercrimes-

Answer 31

Offenses that involve the use of one or more computers.

Question 32

Know what violent crimes are

Answer 32

Violent crimes are crimes against people in which force is employed to rob, produce physical injury, or cause death. Examples are homicide, rape, and robbery. These are considered the most serious offenses and punishments.

Question 33

Why does the national crime victimization survey, why don’t they measure homicide

Answer 33

Homicide victims are dead

Question 34

Know the NIBRS, UCR, NVCS

Answer 34

Uniform Crime Report, UCR, annually publishes a statistical summary of crimes reported to the police, based on voluntary reports to the FBI by local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. NIBRS, National Incident-Based Reporting System, a reporting system in which the police describe each offense in a crime incident, together with data describing the offender, victim, and property. NCVS, National Crime Victimization Survey, Interviews of samples of the U.S. population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number and types of criminal victimization, and thus, the extent of unreported as well as reported crime.

Question 35

What is the dark figure of crime

Answer 35

The dark figure of crime is a metaphor referring to the significant yet undefined extent of crime that is never reported to the police.

Question 36

Be able to determine the differences between the two models

Answer 36

Crime control is more strict and focuses on speed and efficiency in screening to determine guilt, and applying sanctions, and allows for more discretion, Due process less strict, focus more on in trial, formal decision-making procedures, the rights of defendants, and less discretion in decision making.

Question 37

What is the organization that was started when a young girl was killed by a drunk driver?

Answer 37

M.A.D.D, mothers against drunk driving

Question 38

Be able to determine which crimes are visible; price fixing, homicide, etc.

Answer 38

Homicide, other crimes in public

Question 39

Be able to identify what is classified as political crime

Answer 39

Political crime is an act usually done for ideological purposes, that constitutes a threat against the state or a criminal act by a state. Examples include treason, sedition, or espionage.

Question 40

Know the definition of crime

Answer 40

A specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law, for which a punishment is prescribed

Question 41

Public policy-

Answer 41

priorities and actions developed by government to use public resources as a means to deal with issues affecting society.

Question 42

Evidence-based practices-

Answer 42

policies developed through guidance from research studies that demonstrate which approaches are most useful and cost-effective for advancing desired goals.