Chapter 13

Question 1

The process by which the information in a gene is made into a functional product

Answer 1

Gene Expression

Question 2

Because gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated by the combination of many factors, eukaryotic genes are said to be under…

Answer 2

Combinatorial Control

Question 3

a form of gene regulation that increases transcription.

Answer 3

Positive Control

Question 4

a form of gene regulation that decreases transcription.

Answer 4

Negative Control

Question 5

Binding of a what to DNA results in positive control?

Answer 5

Activator

Question 6

Binding of a what to DNA results in negative control?

Answer 6

Repressors

Question 7

The specific section of DNA that an activator binds to

Answer 7

Enhancer

Question 8

The specific section of DNA that a repressor binds to

Answer 8

Silencer

Question 9

The complex of DNA and proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 9

Chromatin

Question 10

This effects chromatin conformation and results in negative control. The attachment of a methyl group to the base cytosine

Answer 10

DNA Methylation

Question 11

This effects chromatin conformation and can result in either positive or negative control, depending on which group is added.

The addition of molecules such as acetyl, methyl, and phosphate groups to histone proteins

Answer 11

Histone Modification

Question 12

A form of gene regulation that allows an organism to use the same gene to make different proteins at different stages in development, in different cell types, and/or in response to to a change in environmental conditions

Answer 12

Alternative Splicing

Question 13

Translation can be inhibited by regulatory mechanisms which silence the expression of mRNAs by promoting the degredation of mRNA.

Answer 13

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs)