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Advanced Chemistry > Chapter 13-14: Solution Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 13-14: Solution Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

Define heterogenous mixture and give an example

A

Greater than 2 or more clearly different components( greater than two or more phases)
Chex mix

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1
Q

Define a solution

A

A mixture of things not a reaction

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2
Q

Describe the size of particles in a heterogenous mixture

A

Size and have vary and are not uniform

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3
Q

Define a homogenous mixture an give an example

A

2 or more different substances in a single phase (distributed evenly)
Ex: Kool aid mix and water

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4
Q

Describe the composition of the participles in a homogenous mixture

A

Uniform particles

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5
Q

Define a homogenous solution

A

A homogenous mix of 2 or more substances in a single phase

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6
Q

Describe the three types of particles in a homogenous solution and describe their size

A

Atoms ions molecules

.01-1 nm

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7
Q

How many parts does a solution have?

A

Two: solvent and solute

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8
Q

Define a solvent and give an example

A

Present in greater amounts,
Dissolves the solute
Water

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9
Q

Define a solute an give an example

A

Lesser amounts, is being dissolved

Kool aid

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10
Q

Describe types of soln and give dime examples

A

Any solid liquid or gas dissolve in any other solid liquid or gas
Gas in gas- air
Gas in liquid- pop
Solid in liquid- sugar in water
Solid in solid - cu in sn( bronze) “alloy”

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11
Q

Define a suspension mixture and give an example

A

When particles of a solid are too large to dissolve and settle( heterogeneous)
Muddy h2o

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12
Q

What us another phrase for a suspension?

A

Soln wannabe

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13
Q

Describe the particle size in a suspension

A

1000nm +

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14
Q

Define a colloid mixture and give an example

A

When particles in a soln are too large to dissolve but too small to settle
Jello

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15
Q

Describe te particle size in a colloid

A

1-1000nm

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16
Q

Describe the solvent and solute in a colloid

A

Not a solvent but a “dispersing medium”

Not a solute but “dispersing phase”

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17
Q

Give 5 examples of colloids

A 
Mayo- oil in water with egg yolk
Smoke - solid dispersed in gas
Fog- liq dispersed in a gas 
Smog - liq and solid in a gas
Gel- solid in a liq (jello)
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18
Q

What is the Tyndall effect use for?

A

Aided to determine the difference between a colloid and a true soln

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19
Q

Describe electrolytes and gVe an example (what bond)

A

Dissolve in a soln to yield ions and will support electric current; usually ironically bonded
NaCl

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20
Q

Describe non e lytes and give an example (bond?)

A

Dissolve in soln but will not support electric current; covalent bond
Sugar

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21
Q

Why are acids an exception to non e lytes and why does this occur

A

Acids are covalent bonded but when they are in water soln they ionize and support current
Occurs because twt are very polar molecules

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22
Q

Why won’t pure water conduct electricity

A

B/c only 2 molecules out of every billion ionize

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23
Q

Why does tap water conduct electricity

A

Due to the ions present

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24
Describe the amount if charges and particles in an ionic soln
There is always an equal number of charges present but not necessarily equal particles
25
What 3 factors affect the rate of dissolution?
Increase the surface area Agitation Change temp of solvent
26
Describe the effect temp on a soln
Increase in t will make collisions between solute abs solvent to be more energetic and frequent Rate increases But some solutes dissolve better in cold solvent
27
Define a saturated solvent
One that can not dissolve any more solute for its temp and volume
28
What's another name for a saturated soln and why?
A soln @ equilibrium | No more dissolving/re crystallizing
29
Define unsaturated soln
One that's still able to dissolve more solute
30
Define a supersaturated soln
One that has been forced to dissolve more solute than it should for a given temp and volume
31
How is supersaturation achieved
By heating
32
Why isn't supersaturated at equilibrium
Some is always dissolving/re crystallizing
33
What is another name for a solvent-solute interaction
Like dissolve like
34
What is the ss interaction used for
To predict whether one substance will dissolve in another
35
What is ss interaction based on and give a couple examples
Similarity of bonds, polarity, and intermolecular forces Temper tats Alcohol/ ink Grass and blood stains
36
What happens when polar water is added to an ionic soln
Causes it to undergo dissociation
37
What is dissociation
The seperate on of ions in a soln
38
What is the result if dissociation? How the equation
A sphere of solvation | NaCl + H2O > Na+(ag) + Cl-(aq)
39
Draw the sphere of solvation
Drawing
40
When will the solvation spheres stop forming
Until all ions are hydrated
41
What happens to the ions if the solvent is not water
Ions become saturated but hydrated
42
Describe non polar solvents and give a few examples
They dissolve fats, oils abs grease Nail polish Benzene Gas
43
Define miscible abs give examples
2 or more mutually soluble liquids Water&vinegar Milk and coffee
44
Define im miscible and give a few examples
2 or more mutually insolvable liquids Oil water Oil vinegar
45
In what soln will there be effects of p
Gas dissolved in a liquid
46
Define Henry's law abs give an example
The solubility of a gas in a liquid increases w/ increasing p abs decrease w/ decreasing p CO2 dissolved in flavored water to make pop under 5-10 ATM p
47
Define effervescence
The escape if gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved | Hiss as a can is opened
48
Give an example of the effects of T on solubility
Gas in liquid- increase t causes decrease in solubility | Solid in liquid- hard to predict. For done an increase in t usually increases solubility but for some the opposite
49
Give two def for the gear if solns
1 the heat released or absorbed as a soln forms | 2 the difference between the heat if a soln and the heat if it's individual parts
50
What is the result when hear NRG is released from a soln?
Feel hot called Exothermic
51
Result when NRG is absorbed by a son
Feels cold called endothermic
52
What us the first event to occur when a solid dissolved in a liquid?
Solute particles begun to seperate from mass if solute
53
Describe what us happening to the NRG and temp in the first event
NRG is absorbed
54
What occurs in the 2nd even abs describe the NRG and T
Solvent particles move apart and allow solute particles to enter the liquid environment NRG is absorbed
55
What occurs in the 3rd event abs describe the NRG and T
Solvent particles surround the solute particles (solvation or hydration) NRG released
56
What is the result when the
Net change is exo
57
Define concentration and give a example
Refers to the amount if solute in a given quantity of solvent 1g NaCl in 1L H2O is dilute 100g in 1L is concentrated
58
What is the symbol for concentration
[ ]
59
What are the abbreviations for dilute and concentration
Dil | Con
60
Define molarity and what is it concerned with?
Mols of solute / L of soln | Concerned with soln volume as shown by Liters
61
How do you prep a molar soln?
Add 1/2 needed amount of solvent to grad Dissolve needed amount of solute Fill grad to prop level
62
What is the equation for molarity?
Mols solute/liters of soln
63
What is the formula for molality and what is it concerned with?
Mols of solute / kg solvent | Concerned with mass of soln
64
How do you prepare a molal soln?
Add total amount of solvent to grad | Add proper amount of solute and dissolve
65
Describe colligate properties of soln
Depend in the number of solute particles in a soln not on what the particles are
66
What are the colligate properties based on?
Molal solns
67
Describe vpd in terms of the soln vp and the pure solvent vp
Soln vp < pure solvent vp
68
Why are the solvent molecules not available to exert pressure?
They are hydrating the other molecules so are not a ale to exert p
69
What's another name for osomotic pressure depression?
Diffusion of H2O
70
How is osomotic p d similar to VPD
Greater for pure h2o than soln made with h2o for the same reason as vpd The water molecules are involved in hydration so not available to diffuse
71
Decribe the frpt dep in terms of temperature
A soln with freeze at a lower t than the pure solvent from which is was made
72
What is the equation to find freezing pint
Change in temp of freezing point = Molal*kf
73
Describe boiling point depression
A soln will boil at a high temperature than the pure solvent from which is was made
74
Write bp equation
Change T= molal*kb
75
What are kf and kb called
Kf=molal freezing point constant (1.86) | Kb=molal boiling point constant
76
What does changeTF equal
Fr pt dep equal to the diff btw frpt of pure water solvent an that of a solution made with that solvent
77
What is changeTB equal to
Boiling point elevation the diff in the boiling poit of the pure solvent and the solution made with that solvent
78
What is the equation for molar mass
Molar mass of solute = (kf)(mass solute)/(changeTF)(kg solvent)
79
How do elytes and non elytes effect colligate prop and why
They effect it differently because there are more particles in the elytes because they ionize
80
What do colligate properties depend on?
On the number of particles in soln

Advanced Chemistry (8 decks)

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