Chapter 13

Question 1

what do mechanoreceptors sense?

Answer 1

pressure, vibration, movement

Question 2

what is kinesthetics focused on?

Answer 2

muscles, tendons, joints

Question 3

what do thermoreceptors sense?

Answer 3

changes in skin temperature

Question 4

what do nocieptors sense?

Answer 4

pain (heat, pressure)

Question 5

what do pleasant touch receptors sense?

Answer 5

slow-moving light forces (like petting)

Question 6

what are the 4 somatosensory fibers?

Answer 6

A-alpha, A-beta, A-delta, C-fibers

Question 7

what are A-alpha fibers for?

Answer 7

muscles and tendons

Question 8

what are A-beta fibers for?

Answer 8

pressure and vibration

Question 9

what are A-delta and C-fibers for?

Answer 9

temperature and pain/itch

Question 10

what is the spinothalamic pathway?

Answer 10

from spinal cord to brain, carries information about skin temperature and pain

Question 11

what is the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway?

Answer 11

from spinal cord to brain, carries signals from skin, muscles, tendons, joints

Question 12

what is the somatosensory area 1?

Answer 12

parietal lobe, primary visual cortex

Question 13

what is the somatosensory area 2?

Answer 13

motor control system

Question 14

what is the gate control theory?

Answer 14

the transmission of pain acts as a gate that is opened by excitatory pain signals and closed by inhibitory signals

Question 15

what is neural plasticity?

Answer 15

the ability of neural circuits to change function because of previous activity

Question 16

what is phantom limb?

Answer 16

perceived sensation from an amputated limb

Question 17

what are the characteristics of mechanoreceptor SA 1?

Answer 17

small field, slow adaptation

Question 18

what are the characteristics of mechanoreceptor FA 1?

Answer 18

small field, fast adaptation

Question 19

what are the characteristics of mechanoreceptor SA 2?

Answer 19

large field, slow adaptation

Question 20

what are the characteristics of mechanoreceptor FA 2?

Answer 20

large field, fast adaptation

Question 21

According to the gate control theory, which signals can be blocked?

Answer 21

bottom-up signals from the nociceptors

Question 22

how do you measure pressure sensitivity?

Answer 22

present amounts of pressure over and over (hair, fishing lines), or ask what the smallest raised element is over a smooth surface

Question 23

how do you measure vibration sensitivity?

Answer 23

the minimum amount of vibration/ frequency that displaces the skin

Question 24

what is the two-point touch threshold?

Answer 24

the minimum distance that two stimuli are perceptible as separate

Question 25

what happens to touch sensitivity with age?

Answer 25

declines with age, except for blind people

Question 26

What happens to sensitivity with autism spectrum?

Answer 26

it's heightened

Question 27

what happens to sensitivity in people with early deafness?

Answer 27

is reduced

Question 28

what is haptic perception?

Answer 28

knowledge derived from skin, muscles, etc.

Question 29

what is exploratory procedure?

Answer 29

feeling objects to perceive their properties

Question 30

what is material perception?

Answer 30

does not depend on the structure of the object; easy to perceive with no physical contact

Question 31

what is haptic search?

Answer 31

recognizing the presence of material properties

Question 32

what is tactile agnosia?

Answer 32

inability to identify objects by touch

Question 33

what causes tactile agnosia?

Answer 33

lesions in the parietal lobe

Question 34

what is the frame of reference?

Answer 34

system used to define locations in space

Question 35

what is tactile spatial attention?

Answer 35

anticipation of being touched can lead to voluntary directed attention to that location

Question 36

what is endogenous spatial attention?

Answer 36

top-down, knowledge-driven

Question 37

what is exogenous spatial attention?

Answer 37

bottom-up, stimulus-driven

Question 38

what is social touch?

Answer 38

words descriving interpersonal relationships (warm, cold, soft)

Question 39

what are examples of social touch in animals?

Answer 39

licking/grooming