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H EDU 3030 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Cephal/o

A

Head

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2
Q

Cerebell/o

A

Little brain

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3
Q

Cerebr/o

A

Cerebrum

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4
Q

Cran/i

A

Skull

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5
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

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6
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

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7
Q

Dendr/o

A

Tree

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8
Q

Disk/o

A

Disk

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9
Q

Dur/o

A

Dura, head

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10
Q

Electr/o

A

Electricity

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11
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

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12
Q

Esthesi/o

A

Feeling

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13
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fiber

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14
Q

Gli/o

A

Glue

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15
Q

Hypn/o

A

Sleep

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16
Q

Lamin/o

A

Thin plate

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17
Q

Later/o

A

Side

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18
Q

Lob/o

A

Lobe

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19
Q

Mening/i

A

Membrane, meninges

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20
Q

Mening/o

A

Membrane, meninges

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21
Q

Ment/o

A

Mind

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22
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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23
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord

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24
Q

Narc/o

A

Numbness, sleep, stupor

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25
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

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26
Q

Pallid/o

A

Globus pallidus

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27
Q

Papill/o

A

Papilla

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28
Q

Poli/o

A

Gray

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29
Q

Scler/o

A

Hardening

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30
Q

Somn/o

A

Sleep

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31
Q

Spin/o

A

Thorn, spine

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32
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebra

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33
Q

Vag/o

A

Vagus, wandering

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34
Q

Ventricul/o

A

Ventricle

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35
Q

Ambul

A

To walk

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36
Q

Concuss

A

Shake violently

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37
Q

Ganglion

A

Knot

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38
Q

Mnes

A

Memory

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39
Q

Sympath

A

Sympathy

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40
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Cholinergetic neurotransmitter; plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses at synapses and myoneural junctions

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41
Q

akathisia

A

inability to remain still; motor restlessness and anxiety

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42
Q

akinesia

A

loss or lack of voluntary motion

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43
Q

alzheimer’s disease AD

A

a progressive degeneration of brain tissue that usually begins after age 60m it is the most common cause of dementia among older adults

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44
Q

amnesia

A

condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory

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45
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS

A

muscular weakness atrophy with spasticity caused by degeneration. of motor neurons of the spinal cord; also called Lou Gehrig disease

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46
Q

analgesia

A

Condition in which there is lack of the sensation of pain

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47
Q

anesthesia

A

literally means loss or lack of the sense of feeling a pharmacologically induced reversible state of amnesia, analgesia, loss of responsiveness, loss of skeletal muscle reflexes, and decreased stress response

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48
Q

anesthesiologist

A

physician who specializes in the science of anesthesia

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49
Q

aphagia

A

loss or lack of the ability to eat or swallow

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50
Q

aphasia

A

literally means a lack of the ability to speak. it is a language disorder in which there is an impairment of producing or comprehending spoken or written language due to brain damage. it can be caused by a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other brain injury, or it may develop slowly as in the case of a brain tumor or progressive neurological disease, such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinsons disease

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51
Q

apraxia

A

loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly and recognize common ones; inability to perform motor tasks or activities of daily living (ADL), such as dressing and bathing

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52
Q

asthenia

A

loss or lack of strength

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53
Q

astrocytoma

A

a primary tumor of the brain composed of astrocytes (star-shaped neuroglial cells) characterized by slow growth, cyst formation, metastasis, and malignant glioblastoma within the tumor mass. surgical intervention is possible in the early developmental stage of the tumor; also called astrocytic glioma

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54
Q

ataxia

A

literally means loss or lack of order; neurological sign and symptom consisting of lack of coordination of muscle movements. it implies dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum

55
Q

bradykinesia

A

abnormal slowness of motion

56
Q

cephalalgia

A

head pain; headache

57
Q

cerebellar

A

pertaining to the cerebellum

58
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

disorder of movement and posture caused by damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain and can occur during gestation, during childbirth, or after birth up to about age 3. most common permanent disorder of childhood involving four motor dysfunctions: spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and mixed

59
Q

cerebrospinal

A

pertaining to the cerebellum and the spinal cord

60
Q

chorea

A

abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias; characterized by episodes of rapid, jerky involuntary muscular twitching of the limbs or facial muscles

61
Q

coma

A

unconscious state or stupor from which the patient cannot be aroused; may occur as a complication of an underlying illness or as a result of injuries to the brain. coma rarely lasts more than 2-4 weeks, although it can last for years. the outcome for coma depends on the cause, severity, and site of the damage

62
Q

concussion

A

head injury with a transient loss of brain function; may also be called mild brain injury, mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), mild head injury (MHI), and minor head trauma (MHT)

63
Q

craniectomy

A

surgical excision of a portion of the skull (cranium), which encases the brain

64
Q

craniotomy

A

literally means surgical incision into the skull. it is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is removed from the skull to access the brain. used to repair defects associated with traumatic head injuries or to repair a cerebral aneurysm

65
Q

deep brain stimulation (DBS)

A

a surgical procedure used to treat a variety of disabling neurological symptoms - most commonly the symptoms of parkinsons disease (PD), such as tremor, rigidity, stiffness, slowed movement, and walking problems; it is also used to treat essential tremor, a common neurological movement disorder. currently, DBS is used only for patients whose symptoms cannot be adequately controlled with medications

66
Q

dementia

A

group of symptoms marked by memory loss and loss of other cognitive functions such as perception, thinking, reasoning, and remembering

67
Q

diskectomy

A

surgical excision of an intervertebral disk

68
Q

dyslexia

A

difficulty reading and writing words even though vision and intelligence and unimpaired

69
Q

dysphasia

A

impairment of speech that may be caused by a brain lesion

70
Q

electromyography

A

process of recording the contraction of a skeletal muscle as a result of electrical stimulation; used in diagnosing disorders of nerves supplying muscles

71
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain. there are numerous types of encephalitis, many of which are caused by viral infection. symptoms include sudden fever, headache, vomiting, photophobia (abnormal sensitivity to light), stiff neck and back, confusion, drowsiness, clumsiness, unsteady gait, and irritability

72
Q

encephalopathy

A

any pathological dysfunction of the brain. HIV encephalopathy is called AIDS dementia complex

73
Q

endorphins

A

chemical substances produced in the brain that act as natural analgesics (opiates) and provide feelings of pleasure

74
Q

epidural

A

literally means pertaining to situated in the dura mater; often used to refer to a form of regional anesthesia involving injection of medication via a catheter into the epidural space. this causes both a loss of sensation (anesthesia) and a loss of pain (analgesia), by blocking the transmission of signals through nerves in or near the spinal cord

75
Q

epiduroscopy

A

minimally invasive form of surgery that introduces medication via an endoscope into the epidural space; used for back pain when all other conservative treatments have failed

76
Q

epilepsy

A

a neurological disorder involving repeated seizures of any type. seizures are episodes of disturbed brain function that cause changes in attention and/or behavior. the types of seizures experienced by those with epilepsy are classified into four main categories
PARTIAL: (focal)- electrical disturbances are localized to areas of the brain near the source or focal point of the seizures
GENERALIZED: (bilateral; symmetrical)- widespread electrical discharge that involves both the right and left hemispheres of the brain
UNILATERAL: electrical discharge is predominantly confined to one of the two hemispheres of the brain
UNCLASSIFIED: cannot be placed into one of the other three categories because of incomplete data

77
Q

ganglionectomy

A

surgical excision of a ganglion mass of nerve tissue outside of the brain and spinal cord

78
Q

Glioma

A

tumor composed of neuroglial tissue

79
Q

Guillain-barré syndrome

A

pathological condition in which the myelin sheath covering peripheral nerves are destroyed, resulting in decreased nerve impulses, loss of reflux response, and sudden muscle weakness. Generally an acute viral infection occurs 1 to 3 weeks before the onset of the syndrome. also called infectious polyneuritis, acute febrile polyneuritis, or acute idiopathic polyneuritis

80
Q

Hemiparesis

A

weakness on one side of the body that can be caused by a stroke, cerebral palsy, brain, tumor, multiple sclerosis, and other brain and nervous system diseases

81
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis of 1/2 of the party when is divided along the median sagittal plane, total paralysis of the arm, leg in trunk on the same side of the body stroke is the most common cause of this condition

82
Q

Herniated disk syndrome (HDS)

A

condition in which part or all of the soft gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disc is force throw we can part of the desk compression on the nerves can cause sciatica or severe lumbar back pain that radiates down one or both legs also called herniated, intervertebral disc ruptured disc herniated nucleus, pulposus (HNP) or slipped disc

83
Q

Herpes zoster

A

viral disease characterized by painful vascular, eruptions, long segment of the spinal or cranial nerves also called shingles

84
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

condition in which there is an increase amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain, causing head to be in large treatment, involves a surgical placement of an artificial shunt which drains of fluid into the abdominal cavity

85
Q

Hypereresthesia

A

increase feeling of sensory stimuli such a pain, touch or sound

86
Q

Hyperkinesis

A

increase muscular movement in motion, inability to be still also known as hyperactivity

87
Q

Hypnosis

A

artificially induced trance like state resembling somnambulism sleepwalking

88
Q

Intercranial

A

pertaining to within the skull

89
Q

Lamenectomy

A

surgical excision of the vertebral posterior arch

90
Q

Lobotomy

A

surgical incision into the prefrontal or frontal lobe of the brain

91
Q

Meningioma

A

tumor of the Menchies that originates from the arachnoidal tissue

92
Q

Meningitis

A

information of the messages of the spinal cord, her brain with early diagnosis and proper treatment. Most patients recover from meningitis individuals with bacterial meningitis, are usually hospitalized for treatment.

93
Q

Meningocele

A

congenital hernia sack like protrusion in which the Menchie’s protrude through a defect in the skull or spinal column

94
Q

meningomyelocele

A

congenital herniation of the spinal cord, and meninges through a defect in the vertebral column

95
Q

Microcephaly

A

Abnormally, small head, congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal smallest of the head in relation to the rest of the body

96
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

chronic disease of the central nervous system, marked by damage to the myelin sheath. Plaques occur in the brain and spinal cord, causing tremor weakness and coordination. Paresthesia and disturbance is envisioned in speech. The multiple effects of MS are shown.

97
Q

Myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

98
Q

Narcolepsy

A

 chronic condition with recurrent attacks of uncontrollable, drowsiness and sleep

99
Q

Neuralgia

A

pain in a nerve or nerves

100
Q

Neurasthenia

A

pathological condition, characterized by weakness, exhaustion, and prostration that often accompanies severe depression

101
Q

Neurectomy

A

surgical excision of a nerve

102
Q

Neuroblast

A

germ, embryonic cells from which nervous tissue is formed

103
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

malignant tumor, composed of cells, resembling neuroblast, mostly occurs in infants and children

104
Q

Neurofibroma

A

fibrous connective tissue tumor of a nerve

105
Q

Neuralgia

A

supporting or connective tissue cells of the central nervous system

106
Q

Neurologist

A

physician specializes in the study of the nervous system

107
Q

Neurology

A

Study of the nervous system

108
Q

Neuroma

A

tumor of nerve cells, and nerve fibers

109
Q

Neuropathy

A

any pathological nervous tissue disease

110
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical substances, such as dopamine in acetylcholines that carry electrical impulses across a synapse between two neurons

111
Q

oligodendroglioma

A

malignant tumor, composed of all oligodendroglia type of cell that makes up one component of the tissue if the CNS

112
Q

Pain

A

A symptom of a physical or emotional condition. Pain has been described as unpleasant, bodily sensations or a complex of sensations resulting from injury or disease, cause physical discomfort or emotional distress

113
Q

Pallidotomy

A

surgical destruction of the Globus pallidus of the brain tend to treat involuntary movements or muscular rigidity in Parkinson’s disease

114
Q

Papilledema

A

swelling of the optic disc usually caused by increased intracranial pressure ICP also called choked disc

115
Q

Paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower part of the body and both legs

116
Q

Paresis

A

slight partial or incomplete paralysis

117
Q

Paresthesia

A

Abnormal sensation feeling of numbness, prickling or tingling

118
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Progressive neurological disorder caused by degeneration of nerve cells in the part of the brain that controls movement. This generation creates a shortage of the brain, signaling chemical neurotransmitter known as dopamine, causing the movement impairments that characterize this disease. Often the first symptom of Parkinson disease is tremor of a limb, especially when the bodies at rest, the tremor often begins on one side of the body frequently in one hand other common symptoms include slow movements and inability to move, rigid limbs. A shuffling gait a stooped posture, also called paralysis, adjutants, or shaking palsy.

119
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

120
Q

Polyneuritis

A

literally means inflammation involving many nerves

121
Q

Quadripeliga

A

paralysis of all four extremities, and usually the trunk due to injury to the spinal cord in the cervical spine, also called tetraplegia

122
Q

Reye syndrome

A

acute disease that causes a team of the brain and increased intercranial pressure hypoglycemia and fatty infiltration of the liver and other vital organs occurs in children and has a relation to aspirin, administration can be viral in origin

123
Q

Sciatica

A

severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve

124
Q

Sleep

A

State of rest for the body and mind has two distinct types rapid eye-movement REM sometimes called dreams, sleep and non-rapid eye-movement and NREM

125
Q

Somnambulism

A

Condition of sleepwalking

126
Q

Spondylosyndesis

A

surgical procedure to buy invertebrate after removal of a herniated disc, also called spinal fusion

127
Q

Stroke

A

death of focal brain tissue that occurs when the brain does not get sufficient blood and oxygen, also called cerebrovascular accident, CVA, or brain attack. If the flow of blood in an artery supply in the brain is interrupted for longer than a few seconds brain cells can die, causing permanent damage the interruption can, because either by bleedingor blood clots in the brain, a transient ischemic attack TIA is a temporary interference in the blood supply to the brain. It sometimes referred to as a mini stroke and symptoms can last for a few minutes for several hours.

128
Q

Subdural

A

pertaining to below the Dura Mater

129
Q

Sundowning

A

Increased agitation or restlessness that occurs in the late afternoon early evening in patients, with cognitive impairment, most common with alzheimer’s type dementia and Parkinson’s disease

130
Q

Sympathectomy

A

surgical excision of a portion of the sympathetic nervous system, such as nerve or ganglion

131
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A

use of mild electrical stimulation to interfere with the transmission of painful stimuli, has proved useful in relieving pain in some patience

132
Q

Vagotomy

A

surgical incision of the vagus nerve

133
Q

Ventriculogram

A

X-ray of the cerebral ventricles

H EDU 3030 (12 decks)

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