CHAPTER 13

Question 1

viruses, viroids, prions are __ disease-causing agents that lack cell structure and cannot metabolize, grow, self reproduce, or respond to their environment.

Answer 1

acellular

Question 2

tiny infectious agent with nucleic acid surrounded by proteinaceous capsomeres

Answer 2

virus

Question 3

capsomeres in viruses form a coat called

Answer 3

capsid

Question 4

a complete viral particle, including a nucleic acid and capsid, outside a cell

Answer 4

virion

Question 5

it is a virus that infects a bacterial cell

Answer 5

bacteriophage or phage

Question 6

typically, a virus in a cell proceeds with a __ cycle

Answer 6

lytic replication cycle

Question 7

what are the 5 stages of the lytic replication cycle

Answer 7

attachment
entry
synthesis
assembly
release

Question 8

process of removing caspid on virion

Answer 8

uncoating

Question 9

virions are released from the host cell either by __

Answer 9

lysis of the host cell
extrusion of enveloped virions

Question 10

it is a process seen only with certain animal viruses

Answer 10

budding

Question 11

an envelope is derived from a

Answer 11

cell membrane

Question 12

these phages enter a bacterial cell and remain inactive

Answer 12

temperate / lysogenic phages

Question 13

temperate phages remain inactive in a process called

Answer 13

lysogeny or lysogenic replication cycle

Question 14

such inactive phages are called __ and are inserted into the chromosome of the cell and passed to its daughter cells

Answer 14

prophages

Question 15

results when phages carry genes that alter the phenotype of a bacterium

Answer 15

lysogenic conversion

Question 16

a prophage may be excised from the chromosome in a process known as

Answer 16

induction

Question 17

complementary negative sense single stranded RNA is transcribed to serve as a template for more

Answer 17

positive sense single stranded RNA

Question 18

examples of these are HIV viruses that carry reverse transcriptase, which transcribes DNA from RNA

Answer 18

retroviruses

Question 19

these viruses carry an RNA dependent RNA transcriptase for transcribing mRNA from the -ssRNA genome

Answer 19

negative sense single stranded RNA

Question 20

it is a process similar to lysogeny, an animal virus remains inactive in a cell, possibly for years, as part of chromosome or in the cytosol

Answer 20

latency

Question 21

also known as provirus

Answer 21

latent virus

Question 22

is uncontrolled cellular reproduction in a multicellular animal

Answer 22

neoplasia

Question 23

a mass of neoplastic cells ; relatively harmless or invasive

Answer 23

tumor

Question 24

malignant tumors are also called

Answer 24

cancer

Question 25

describes the spreading of malignant tumors

Answer 25

metastasis

Question 26

when a mixture of bacteria and phages is grown on an agar plate, bacteria infected with phages lyse, producing clear areas called

Answer 26

plaques

Question 27

it is a technique used to estimate phage numbers

Answer 27

plaque assay

Question 28

are small circular pieces of RNA with no capsid that infect and cause disease in plants

Answer 28

viroids

Question 29

are infectious protein particles that lack nuclei acids and replicate by inducing similar, normal proteins to misfold into new prions.

Answer 29

prions

Question 30

inducing similar, normal proteins to misfold into new prions is a process called

Answer 30

templating