Chapter 13

Question 1

White Privilege

Answer 1

status as a white person carries benefits

Question 2

ignoring race is like ignoring…

Answer 2

cancer

Question 3

White =

Answer 3

default/the norm

Question 4

Race

Answer 4

based on some real presumed physical, biological characteristic, as well as a shared lineage - not biologically significant

Question 5

Ethnicity

Answer 5

basis of some real or presumed differences in cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, tradition and cultural practices

Question 6

“If men define situations are real, they are real in their consequences” -

Answer 6

William I Thomas and Dorothy Swaine Thomas

Question 7

Racism

Answer 7

defining a minority group as a race and then assigning negative characteristics to that group and then creating circumstances that keep that group at a disadvantage relative to the majority

Question 8

What is a subtype of xenophobia and ethnocentrism?

Answer 8

racism

Question 9

Pluralism

Answer 9

many groups are able to coexist without any of them losing their individual qualities

Question 10

culture and language connects…

Answer 10

communities and their history

Question 11

language revitalization can…

Answer 11

lower drug abuse

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

when a minority group takes on the characteristics of the dominant group

Question 13

Segregation

Answer 13

the physical separation of majority and minority groups

Question 14

De Jure

Answer 14

as a result of official policy

Question 15

De Facto

Answer 15

happens on its own, not intentional

Question 16

Genocide

Answer 16

the systematic attempt to eliminate an entire group of people

Question 17

Stereotype

Answer 17

generalization about an entire category of people that frequently appears in daily interaction

Question 18

Prejudice

Answer 18

attitudes, beliefs, and feelings toward minorities, usually negative, that are resistant to new information

Question 19

Discrimination

Answer 19

unfavorable treatment arising from negative stereotypes associated with prejudice

Question 20

What are the two types of discrimination?

Answer 20

individual discrimination and institutional discrimination

Question 21

Institutional Discrimination

Answer 21

regular workings of society work to the disadvantage of underrepresented minorities - evidence in life chances, often unintentional

Question 22

Racial Stratification

Answer 22

effect of institutional discrimination where there is an unequal distribution of rights and privileges in society based on race, which leads to a hierarchical structure of racial groups

Question 23

The U.S has _____ social mobility than other countries

Answer 23

lower

Question 24

Essentialism

Answer 24

presuming an individual’s identity depends on fundamental and innate characteristics that are deep-seated, inherited, or unchangeable

Question 25

One-Drop Rule

Answer 25

in many state laws in the early 1800s, a method of racial classification that defined any individual with any African ancestry as Black

Question 26

Constructivist

Answer 26

the argument that racial categories are social creations

Question 27

We assign people to racial groups because of...

Answer 27

socialization

Question 28

Systemic Racism

Answer 28

when discrimination in one realm can reinforce or produce discrimination in another

Question 29

Intersectionality

Answer 29

forms of inequality that overlap and potentially reinforce one another - can create multiple forms of disadvantage for someone

Question 30

Color-Blind Racism

Answer 30

when people deny that race exists, socially, they can reinforce racial inequality by ignoring subtle types of discrimination

Question 31

Mass Incarceration

Answer 31

very high levels of imprisonment were found among certain groups- the American judicial system has developed this

Question 32

Affirmative Action

Answer 32

government policies regarding employment and education that seek to increase the representation of minorities and women in fields in which they have been historically secluded - an effort to counter the historical effects of discrimination