Chapter 5

Question 1

Social Structure

Answer 1

external forces, hierarchies, norms, and institutions, that provide context for individual and group action

Question 2

Role

Answer 2

rules and expectations associated with social positions

Question 3

Role Theory

Answer 3

roles individuals take in impact their behavior

Question 4

Role Conflict

Answer 4

responsibilities of one role interrupts the responsibilities of another role

Question 5

Life Course

Answer 5

as we move to different life stages, we are expected to change roles and behavior

Question 6

Status Group

Answer 6

groups of people, who share characteristics come together to protect and promote members of the group (political parties)

Question 7

Schemas

Answer 7

categories in our brains that help us make sense of the world

Question 8

Power

Answer 8

the ability to influence other people’s behavior

Question 9

Privilege

Answer 9

ability to have special access to opportunities or rewards

Question 10

Social Closure

Answer 10

groups seek to establish/maintain privileged access to rewards/opportunities

Question 11

Social Movement

Answer 11

organized groups have a collective effort to bring about change

Question 12

Great Migration

Answer 12

movement of black people from the south to the north from 1910s to 1950s

Question 13

White-Collar Jobs

Answer 13

knowledge based occupations

Question 14

Post-Industrial Economy

Answer 14

decline of manufacturing employment and rise of white-collar work

Question 15

Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 15

self-interest can lead to the destruction of a shared rescource

Question 16

Institutionalization

Answer 16

things done informally now done formally

Question 17

Organizations

Answer 17

designed to enforce or execute now formalized norms or rules

Question 18

Institutional Order

Answer 18

all major institutions and that some may have power over others

Question 19

Institutional Fields

Answer 19

all roles, organizations, and people who shape an institution in some way

Question 20

Socialization

Answer 20

when we learn how we are expected to behave in society

Question 21

Path Dependency

Answer 21

past outcomes affect stuff in the present, making some choices/outcomes illogical and some logical

Question 22

Interest Groups

Answer 22

organizations established to promote ideas they agree with

Question 23

Norms

Answer 23

unofficial rules that guide what people do and how they live

Question 24

Sanctions

Answer 24

ways societies enforce norms

Question 25

Positive Sanctions

Answer 25

reward or recognition is given for conforming

Question 26

Negative Sanctions

Answer 26

punishment or threat of punishment for "bad behavior"

Question 27

Agents of Socialization

Answer 27

people who teach you about the social structure

Question 28

Folkaways

Answer 28

norms that are relatively unimportant and carry few sanctions

Question 29

Mores

Answer 29

important norms whose violation is met with severe negative sanction

Question 30

Dominant group

Answer 30

use social closure to try and monopolize opportunities and rewards

Question 31

Subordinate Groups

Answer 31

subjected to inferior status and limited opportunities, commonly through discrimination

Question 32

Path Dependency kind of equals

Answer 32

structural emergence

Question 33

Agency kind of equals

Answer 33

structure

Question 34

Agency doesn't equal

Answer 34

intent

Question 35

Structural Emergence

Answer 35

a complex structure or pattern arises from the interactions of simpler components within a system, creating properties that cannot be understood by examining the individual parts alone