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Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

*Define Domestic Violence

A

→any violence occurring between family members

→historically that was tolerated

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2
Q

*Define Intimate Partner Violence

A

→violence between intimate partners

→could be living together or not

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3
Q

*Are domestic violence and IPV the same thing?

A

No, they are distinct terms

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4
Q

What are the different types of violence?

A

(violence is much more then just the physical)

  • Sexual
  • Verbal abuse
  • Psychological
  • Emotional
  • Physical
  • Financial
  • Social
  • Spiritual
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5
Q

*What are some unique factors for LGBTQ+ experiencing IPV? Explain them.

A

->could deny the existence of their relationship
EX. “we aren’t actually a couple”

->threaten to out their partner
EX. could be to church, family, authorities, home country etc.

->purposefully using incorrect pronouns (misgendering)

->Using their deadname

->isolating them from their community or spreading damaging rumors about them

->Denying their partner access to gender-affirming health care
EX. hormones, surgery, and mental health services)

-> Controlling their partner’s gender expression
EX. hair, length of hair, clothes, bind breasts etc.

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6
Q

Who is at the most risk for IPV?

A

People who experience intersecting oppressions (ie. LGBT2SQ+ people who are Indigenous, racialized, immigrants or refugees, disabled, neurodiverse, etc.)

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7
Q

*What are some myths for why people stay in abusive relationships?

A

Has desire to be beaten, emotionally disturbed, etc.

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8
Q

*Describe Lenore Walker’s Cycle of Violence

A
  1. Tension-Building Phase→Interpersonal tension→Poor communication→Potential victim feels fearful
  2. Acting-Out Phase→Violent, abusive incident
  3. Honeymoon Phase (love bombing)→Abuser apologies→Affection between partners→Calm, lack of tension

→then back to the Tension-Building Phase

→Starts to increase as time goes on (gets more violent)

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9
Q

Why do people stay in or return to violent relationships?

A
  • For the children
  • Partner’s promise of change
  • Give the relationship another chance
  • Lack of money or a place to go
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10
Q

What are some barriers faced by victims of IPV?

A
  • Environmental (possibly money)
  • Social (have a friend group, partner’s family)
  • Psychological (feel safer with abuser because they have eyes on them/know what they’re doing
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11
Q

Why are pets important in the context of IPV?

A

They often serve as a key source of emotional support for victims.

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12
Q

How can concern for pets impact a victim’s decision to leave an abusive relationship?

A

Victims may delay leaving out of fear for their pet’s safety.

They fear the abuser will harm or kill the animal if they leave.

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13
Q

What proportion of murders in Canada are domestic homicides?

A

1 in 5 (or 20%).

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14
Q

What are some common risk factors that often come before a domestic homicide?

A

History of domestic violence, recent/pending separation, stalking.

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15
Q

Do rural or urban communities have higher rates of domestic homicide?

A

Rural

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16
Q

What are the theories of intimate violence?

A
  1. Patriarchy
  2. Social learning theory
  3. Evolutionary theory
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17
Q

What does the Patriarchy Theory say about the cause of intimate partner violence (IPV)?

A

IPV stems from cultural beliefs and values that support male dominance over women.

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18
Q

What is a major criticism of Patriarchy Theory in explaining IPV?

A

It doesn’t fully explain female-initiated violence or same-gender IPV.

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19
Q

According to Social Learning Theory, where does aggression originate?

A

From observational learning of rewarded behavior, influenced by family, culture, and media.

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20
Q

What are instigators of aggression in Social Learning Theory?

A

Environmental stimuli like jealousy (EX, I’m jealous of my partner so I’m going to threaten them to secure the relationship), perceived threats, or incentives that provoke aggression (EX. I’m going to be aggressive so I can maintain this relationship and get my sexual needs met).

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21
Q

What regulates aggression according to Social Learning Theory?

A

Consequences

->if a behavior is rewarded, it increases; if punished, it decreases.

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22
Q

What are the different typologies for male batterer?

A

->Family-only batterer

->Dysphoric/borderline batterer

->Generally violent/antisocial batterer

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23
Q

Which batterer type engages in the least amount of violence and is not violent outside the home?

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A

Family only batterer

24
Q

What are key traits of the family-only batterer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Least violent

No other criminal behavior

No significant psychopathology

Doesn’t hold pro-violence attitudes

One of the most common types

25
Which batterer type shows the most depression and borderline personality traits?
Dysphoric/borderline batterer (is an inability to self regulate)
26
What are common features of the dysphoric/borderline batterer?
- Engages in moderate to severe violence - Exhibits extra-familial violence and criminal behavior - Moderate impulsivity problems and drug/alcohol abuse - Focus on jealousy and there are attachment wounds
27
Which batterer type is associated with antisocial and narcissistic traits?
Generally violent/antisocial batterer
28
What are key characteristics of the generally violent/antisocial batterer?
- Engages in moderate to severe violence - Engages in violence outside of the home and criminal behavior - Alcohol and drug problems (risk increases when people drink) - High levels of impulse control problems
29
Why was IPV historically not addressed seriously by authorities?
It was viewed as a private family matter.
30
What does VAWIR stand for, and what does it involve?
Violence Against Women in Relationships — it involves mandatory charging policies where police have the authority to lay charges, not up to the victim.
31
Why might victims hesitate to call police under mandatory reporting policies?
Fear of future violence or retaliation, and lack of control over whether charges are laid.
32
What is the Duluth Model of offender treatment based on?
Feminist psychoeducational therapy focusing on patriarchal ideology and power/control.
33
What are some criticisms of the Duluth Model?
Blaming/punitive tone Ignores other dynamics (e.g., female-perpetrated violence) High dropout rates Focuses on shame rather than healing
34
How does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) view violence? What is the goal of CBT?
As a learned behavior that can be unlearned through changing thoughts and behaviors. Goal of treatment is to focus on costs and alternatives to violence
35
What techniques are used in CBT for IPV offenders?
Anger management Communication skills Challenging attitudes of control Coping strategies
36
Why must couples therapy be approached with caution in IPV cases?
It can increase the risk for victims, especially if violence escalates after sessions.
37
What did meta-analysis reveal about treatment types (Duluth, CBT, others)?
No significant differences in efficacy — all had small treatment effects.
38
What factor significantly reduces the chance of re-arrest for IPV offenders?
Program completion — it can cut the likelihood of re-arrest in half.
39
Why is matching batterer type to treatment important?
Tailored treatments are more effective than one-size-fits-all approaches.
40
What is the proper term for stalking?
Criminal harassment
41
Define stalking?
- Repeatedly following, communicating with, watching, or threatening a person directly or indirectly (threatening friends, animals etc.) - Includes cyberstalking
42
Who is most likely to be a victim of stalking?
Females, especially young and vulnerable individuals with limited social support or cognitive challenges. ->also more likely to be uni students then general population
43
Do stalkers usually know their victims?
Yes
44
Is violence common in stalking cases?
Yes
45
How might stalkers use threats in a way that seems harmless to others?
->By communicating covertly or using private context that outsiders don’t understand. EX. Sending red roses after threatening, “The day I send you red roses is the day you die.” ->Without understanding the private context, their terror can appear irrational or exaggerated. ->Perpetrators may provoke this reaction in part to discredit the victim or cast doubt on the victim’s mental health (seen as crazy, unstable etc.)
46
What are common emotional effects of stalking on victims?
Anxiety, depression, isolation, insomnia, fear of leaving the house.
47
What behavioral changes might stalking victims make for safety?
Deleting social media Changing phone numbers Installing cameras Moving homes May even file a restraining order
48
Are protection orders always effective in stopping stalking or violence?
Not necessarily — they can offer a false sense of security and must be paired with a safety plan.
49
*When are stalking victims at the greatest risk of harm?
- The victim has separated from the stalker (left abusive relationship or separated) - The stalker has been arrested or served with a protection order (now they are pissed) - The stalker has a major negative life event, such as the loss of a job or being evicted (poor coping) - The stalking behaviors increase in frequency or escalate in severity
50
What are the different categories of stalkers?
1. Intimate stalker 2. Acquaintance Stalker 3. Public Figure Stalker 4. Private Stranger Stalker 5. Cyberstalking
51
What is the most common type of stalker?
Intimate stalker — a former partner who frequently threatens and approaches the victim.
52
What are key features of the acquaintance stalker?
Rare type Knows the victim casually Seeks a relationship Persistent but violence is uncommon
53
What defines a public figure stalker?
Relatively rare Stalks celebrities/politicians Has no real relationship with the victim but has intense feelings (in love with them etc.) Rarely violent or in direct contact
54
What is a private stranger stalker?
Rare Doesn’t know victim personally Seeks a relationship Can issue threats that escalate to physical violence
55
What makes cyberstalking difficult to prosecute?
Hard to prove the identity of the sender Law enforcement often says: “We can’t prove those messages were sent by him.”
56
Which professionals are especially vulnerable to stalking?
Politicians Doctors (especially psychiatrists) University faculty members

Forensics (10 decks)

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