Chapter 15 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the four types of homicides?
- First degree murder
- Second degree murder
- Manslaughter
- Infanticide
*What is 1st degree murder? Penalties?
→Planned, calculated, intent to kill
→murder of law enforcement
→murder that is committed during another violent offense
EX. robbing bank and end up killing someone, most difficult to prove beyond a reasonable doubt
→Mandatory life sentence, no possibility of parole for at least 25 years and will be limited by conditions of parole for the rest of your life
*What is 2nd degree murder? Penalties?
→all other murder that doesn’t fall under 1st degree
→deliberate killing without the planning in the same way
→Mandatory life sentence, differ from 1st degree in parole as it could be granted in 10-25 years and will be limited by conditions of parole for the rest of your life
*What is manslaughter? Penalties?
→unintentional murder
→could occur under heat of passion or criminal negligence
EX. get in fight at bar and they die from their injuries
→no minimum sentence, could range from probation to life in prison
→If death is result of fire arm the minimum is 4 years
*What is infanticide? Penalties?
→killing of a baby by a mother in first year of life (female charge only)
→Maximum sentence is 5 years with no maximum term
*What are the two types of homicide in the bimodal classification?
- Reactive (affective)
* Impulsive; unplanned; response to perceived provocation (similar to manslaughter)
* Victims are most often relatives
* Approximately 80% of homicides (more common) - Instrumental (predatory)
* Proactive; premeditated; motivated by a goal
* Victims are most often strangers
* Approximately 20% of homicides
*What is filicide? Subcategories?
The killing of children by parents (biological or step-parent).
- Neonaticide (kill baby within 24 hours of birth, only mom)
- Infanticide (kill baby within 1st year of life, only mom)
How does the age of the victim influence the motivation for filicide?
->Young victims (6 and under): Often due to frustration.
->Older victims (12-17): Often due to an argument.
What are the three types of maternal filicide?
- Neonaticides
- Battering Mothers
- Mental Illness
What are common characteristics of mothers who commit neonaticide?
Often young, unmarried, and may be hiding their pregnancy.
What defines battering mothers?
Women who abuse their children, acting impulsively in response to their child’s behavior; often experience high stress (e.g., poverty, single parent, violence in the home).
What are the three mental health conditions that may follow childbirth?
- Postpartum blues
- Postpartum depression
- Postpartum psychosis
->rare but most severe, delusions, hallucinations, suicidal and homicidal thoughts within 3 months following childbirth
*Define the different terms for spousal killers/ homicides
->Femicide
->Uxoricide
->Androcide
->Mariticide
->Parricide
*Femicide: The killing of women
- Uxoricide: The killing of a wife by a husband specifically
- Androcide: The killing of men
- Mariticide: The killing of a husband by a wife
- Parricide: The killing of parents by a child
Is uxoricide or mariticide more common?
Uxoricide is much more common as men more likely to kill their wives then opposite
->two motivations tend to be Anger over estrangement/departure and jealousy
->Husbands often use close contact methods (strangulation, stabbing etc.)
-> Often associated with use of excessive force
→high correlation of murder then suicide
→women will often kill husbands out of fear for themselves or their children
*What is Familicide? Types?
→Familicide is when a spouse and children are killed (perpetrator is almost always a male)
- Despondent non-hostile
-> Thought to be depressed and have a limited history of reported past violence - Hostile accusatory
-> Hostility towards wife and past violence is very common to wife and kids
Youth offenders who commit homicide often…
- have an accomplice
- acquainted with their victim
- commit the homicide while committing another crime
*What are the 3 typologies of youth?
- Psychotic
-> Youth suffering from psychotic symptoms at time of murder - Conflict
-> Youth who were engaged in argument or conflict of victim when killing occurred - Crime
-> Half of youth homicides were committed while doing another crime
-> Most common typology
*What are the different categories of multiple murders?
- Serial murder
- Mass murder
- Spree murder
*What is serial murder?
-> Minimum of two victims
-> *Separate events and locations
-> *Cooling off period between unrelated killings (time between)
->different typologies
What are the different typologies for serial murder? Criticisms?
- Visionary
-> someone who’s killing is response to voices or visions telling them to kill - Mission-oriented
-> Targets a group that they consider to be undesirable (EX. Pickton targeted sex trade workers, Dahmer targeted gay men) - Hedonistic
-> Motivated by self gratification (3 types)
-> Lust serial murderer - sexual gratification
-> Thrill murderer - pleasure/enjoyment of victim experience terror or pain
-> Comfort serial murderer - motivated by financial or material gain - Power/Control
-> Not about sexual gratification but about having absolute dominance over the victim
-> Criticized for …
* Considerable overlap in categories
* Lack of empirical testing
*What is mass murder?
-> *Multiple victims, 4 or more (school shootings)
-> *Committed at same time and location (one event, no cooling off period)
-> Motivations vary but outcomes similar
-> Mass murderers are often:
- Depressed or angry
- Feel they have not succeeded in life
- Socially isolated
- Lacking in interpersonal skills
- Select targets they blame for their problems
*What is spree murder?
-> Minimum of two victims
-> *One continuous event at two or more locations
-> *No cooling off period between killings
*What are differences between male and female serial murders in these categories:
->Prior criminal history
->Accomplice
->Murder Method
->Murder motive
->Victim type
->Geographic type
PCH
M: tend to have prior criminal history
F: tend to not have one
A:
M: 25% have an accomplice
F: 50% have an accomplice
MM:
M: more likely to use fire arm, strangle, or stab victim
F: more likely to use poison
MM:
M: more likely to kill for sexual gratification or control
F: more likely to kill for money
VT
M: more likely to kill strangers
F: more likely to kill family members
GT:
M: tend to be more geographically mobile
F: more likely to be place specific (killings in one place)
What are the theories of homicidal aggression?
- Social Learning theory
->aggressive behavior is learned (reinforcement) - Evolutionary Theory
-> adaptation and survival, aggressive as means to survive and pass on our genes - General Aggression Model
