Chapter 13 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is asthma?
Chronic respiratory disorder in which there is increased responsiveness of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles to various triggers, resulting in the narrowing of the airways.
True or False
Asthma is a complex disease that is influenced by multiple genetic, developmental, and environmental factors.
True
True or False
In the dental office setting, stress-induced asthma or an allergic response to a dental material may result in an asthmatic attack.
True
True or False
The symptoms of asthma can range from mild to life threatening, they are usually controlled with a combination of medications and lifestyle changes.
True
True or False
Asthma is the result of an abnormal immune response in the bronchial airways.
True
True or False
Because pollution is an asthmatic trigger, this is one of the major reason for high prevalence of asthma in urban areas.
True
True or False
Extrinsic asthma is the most common type accounting for 50% of asthmatics.
True
What are the triggers that are used to classify asthma into five types?
Extrinsic Intrinsic Drug induced Exercise induced Infectious
True or False
Intrinsic asthma is the second major category and typically develops in adults after the age of 35.
True (this can be found in children)
What is drug induced asthma?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen and aspirin, are considered triggers along with metabisulfite
What is exercise-induced asthma?
Thermal changes during inhalation of cold air may prove mucosal irritation and airway hypersensitivity.
What is the most common cause of infectious asthma?
Viral infection
Most frequently seen in children
True or False
Local anesthetics with epinephrine contain sodium bisulfite, which may trigger as asthmatic attack and therefore are not recommended for asthmatic patients.
True
What are the signs and symptoms of a mild asthma attack?
Difficult respiration
Respiration rate is slightly faster than normal range (14-20 breaths/minute)
Complete sentences can be spoken
Mild complaints of wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, or tightness in chest
Skin color is good
What are the signs and symptoms of a moderate asthma attack?
Respiration is moderately difficult
Respiration rate is faster than normal
Only phrases or partial sentences can be spoken
Moderate complaints of wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, or tightness in the chest
Skin color is normal or may be pale
Slight to moderate “drawing in” of muscles between the ribs is necessary to breathe
What are the signs and symptoms of a severe asthma attack?
Respiration is labored
Respiration rate is very fast or very slow with a lot of distress
Only single words or short sentences are spoken
Severe complaints of wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, or tightness in the chest
Skin color is poor
Level of awareness is decreased
What is the appropriate position for a patient having an asthma attack?
Upright with arms forward
True or False
If patients do not have their inhaler, it is recommended to give two puffs of albuterol (which takes effect shortly and has 4-6 hour duration period)
True
What should be done if the asthmatic attack does not subside?
Additional doses of albuterol should be administered at 15 minute intervals and EMS should be contacted
True or False
The spacer device provides more effective distribution of the inhaled drug to the lungs and reduced the need for coordination of inhalation of the drug with activation of the inhaler.
True
What is the maximum dose of albuterol?
12 inhalations/day
True or False
If a patient’s condition worsens they may require subcutaneous epinephrine injection
True
