Chapter 2 Flashcards by Brianna Swanson

What are the components that are considered essential for the emergency kit in the dental office?

Oxygen
Epinephrine
Nitroglycerin
Histamine blocker
Albuterol
Aspirin
Oral glucose

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What should the emergency kit include?

Manual with emergency telephone numbers
Names of persons responsible for the emergency kit update and emergency drills
Emergency protocol
Emergency treatment record

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What is epinephrine used for?

Emergency treatment for anaphylaxis
Reduce risk of hypotension, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema
Prevents release of histamine and chemical mediators

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What is nitroglycerin used for?

Used to dilate the coronary blood vessels to treat acute angina, myocardial infarction, or heart failure
Pill or spray form

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What is chlorpheniramine (diphenhydramine) used for?

Histamine blocker recommended for management of allergic reactions
Injectable blocker for moderate reactions (wheezing, urticaria, pruritus)

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What is albuterol used for?

Bronchodilator used to treat an asthma attack or bronchospasm

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What is aspirin used for?

Effective in reducing overall mortality from myocardial infarction

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What is oral carbohydrate used for?

Used to administer to conscious patients suffering from hypoglycemia
Glucose paste and tablets recommended

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What are some drugs that are beneficial but not essential?

Injectable benzodiazepine (management of recurrent seizures or hyperventilation)
Glucagon (unconscious hypoglycemic patient)
Corticosteroid (prevention of a recurrence of anaphylactic reaction and adrenal crisis)

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What are some additional items for the emergency kit?

Blood pressure cuff
Stethoscope
Pocket mask with one way valve
Syringes (for delivery of IM drugs that are not in preloaded syringes)
Perioretriever (removal of broken instrument tips)
Band-aids and sterile gauze
Ice pack
Thermometer
AED (automated external defibrillator)
Glucometer (to measure blood glucose levels)

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What is the drug of choice for severe allergic reaction?

Epinephrine 1:1000 0.3 mg IM

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For which medical emergency would you administer albuterol?

Asthma attack

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A patient who is hypoglycemic would benefit from which emergency item?

Oral carbohydrate

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Nitroglycerin aids in the treatment of angina pectoris by?

Dilating coronary arteries

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All of the following are essential items for the dental office emergency kit except one. Which one is the exception?

Atropine

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If a patient is experiencing a severe asthma attack what is the first drug of choice?

Albuterol

If a patient is experiencing a sever asthma attack and the first drug of choice doesn’t work, what is the next drug of choice?

Epinephrine

Epinephrine should not be given to which type of patient because it can exacerbate their condition?

Ischemic heart disease and severe hypertension

True or False

Does nitroglycerin have a rapid onset?

True

What is the more effective form of nitroglycerine?

Spray, tablet life is reduced when exposed to light (can be as a little as 12 weeks)

How is nitroglycerine administered?

Tablet (sublingually) 0.2 - 0.6 mg
Spray (one spray translingually or sublingually)
Two additional doses can be administered at 5 minute intervals

What is recommended for management of allergic reactions?

Histamine blocker
10 mg chlorpheniramine
20-50 mg diphenhydramine

What is the pediatric dose of diphenhydramine?

1 mg per kilogram of body weight and should not exceed the adult dose

True or False

Albuterol has a quick onset, with a peak effect of 30-60 minutes and a long duration of action 4 to 6 hours

True

What is the adult dose of albuterol?

2 puffs, with the maximum of 12 puffs per day

True or False If the initial dose of albuterol is ineffective, the use of a spacing device is recommended as it allows for more effective distribution of the drug in the lungs.

True

True or False If aspirin is administered early enough during MI, the drug will help prevent the progression from cardiac ischemia to cardiac injury to cardiac tissue death.

True

What is the minimum effective dose of aspirin to give to a patient with pain suggestive of MI?

At least 162 mg or two baby aspirins

True or False Oral carbohydrates are source for conscious patients suffering from hypoglycemia.

True Glucose paste and tablets are recommended as they do not require refrigeration and they have long shelf lives.

True Juice or non-diet soda can be used if tablets and paste are unavailable.

True

What drug is used for management of prolonged or recurrent seizures or hyperventilation?

Injectable benzodiazepine Lorazepam is considered the benzodiazepine of choice for use of seizures because it can be administered intramuscularly.

The adult dose of Lorazepam is?

4 mg intramuscularly (IM)

True or False Glucagon administered IM is the drug of choice for the unconscious hypoglycemic patient.

True

What is the recommended glucagon dosage for adults?

1 mg IM | 0.5 mg for patient weighing less than 20 kg

Corticosteroids have a fast or slow onset of action?

Slow

What is the corticosteroid of choice for the emergency kit in a dental office?

Hydrocortisone (100 mg - injectable)

What is a corticosteroid used for?

Prevention of a recurrence of an anaphylactic reaction and management of adrenal crisis Reduction of histamine release